Congo Red Decolorization and Detoxification by Aspergillus niger: Removal Mechanisms and Dye Degradation Pathway

Table 1

Phytotoxicity study of CR before and after biodegradation by A. niger on Zea mais and Solanum lycopersicum.

Parameters	Zea mais			Solanum lycopersicum
	Water	Congo red	Transformation; intermediates	Water	Congo red	Transformation intermediates
Germination (%)	91± 2.02	60 ± 3.52; ()	82 ± 3.05; (Ns)	88± 2.08	60± 3.78; ()	81±2.72; (Ns)
Shoot length (cm)	12.2±1.02	6.5±0.36; ()	10.9±0.52; (Ns)	5.16±0.44	1.8±0.15; ()	4.66±0.44; (Ns)
Root length (cm)	4.26±0.37	1.7±0.14; ()	3.16±0.21; (Ns)	3.13±0.12	2.06±0.17; ()	3.2±0.15; (Ns)

Ns: differences are not significant; : differences are significant at , : differences are significant at according to ANOVA statistical analysis.