Prevalence, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes at Farm Level: A Highlight of ERIC- and BOX-PCR to Reveal Genetic Diversity

Table 4

Prevalence of Listeria spp. in the organic farms and conventional farm by PCR assay.

No.	Types of sample	Organic farm			Conventional farm
		Organic farm A	Standard Plate Count (CFU/g)	Organic farm B	Standard Plate Count (CFU/g)	Conventional farm C	Standard Plate Count (CFU/g)
1	Chinese cabbage (Pak Choy)	0% (0/6)	-	14.30% (2/14)	9.50 × 10^2 -7.70 × 10^3	0% (0/10)	-
2	Lettuce	0% (0/6)	-	-	-	0% (0/12)	-
3	Cucumber	16.70% (1/6)	2.10 × 10^5	-	-	0% (0/14)	-
4	Yardlong bean	0% (0/4)	-	-	-	0% (0/14)	-
5	Chinese flowering cabbage (Choy Sum)	0% (0/3)	-	0% (0/16)	-	0% (0/10)	-
6	Tomato	0% (0/3)	-	-	-	0% (0/8)	-
7	Chinese Mustard	100% (1/1)	2.50 × 10^4	0% (0/12)	-	0% (0/10)	-
8	Romaine/cos Lettuce	0% (0/1)	-	25% (4/16)	2.10 × 10^3 - 9.90 × 10^4	-	-
9	Chinese Kale (Kailan)	-	-	0% (0/8)	-	0% (0/10)	-
10	Chinese white cabbage (Sawi Manis)	-	-	6.30% (1/16)	1.30 × 10^4	-	-
11	Local vegetable (Sabi Sative)	-	-	0% (0/6)	-	-	-
12	Soil	16.70% (2/12)	3.30 × 10^3 -6.90 × 10^4	8.30% (2/24)	1.00 × 10^5 -1.20 × 10^5	0% (0/24)	-
13	Fertilizer	16.70% (2/12)	1.20 × 10^4 -2.20 × 10^4	16.70% (4/24)	5.10 × 10^4 -7.00 × 10^5	8.30% (2/24)	4.30 × 10^4 -1.50 × 10^5
14	Water	0% (0/12)	-	0% (0/24)	-	33.30% (8/24)	1.00 × 10^3 -3.50 × 10^6
Total		9.10% (6/66)		8.13% (13/160)		6.25% (10/160)

“ – “ denotes not available.