Association of Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function with Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults

Table 2

Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for estimated 10-year CVD risk by categories of brachial FMD (n=680).

	FMD (%)			25th versus 75th Percentile	P for trend
	≥10 (n=256)	6-10 (n=278)	<6 (n=146)
Estimated 10-year CVD risk (%)	6.5	8.8	11.4
Model 1	1 (reference)	1.18 (0.79-1.76)	1.40 (0.87-2.26)	1.07 (0.86-1.33)	0.16
Model 2	1 (reference)	0.96 (0.52-1.77)	1.55 (0.75-3.18)	1.14 (0.83-1.57)	0.32
Model 3	1 (reference)	1.27 (0.66-2.42)	2.81 (1.21-6.53)	1.51 (1.03-2.20)	0.03

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; FMD, flow-mediated dilation.
Geometric means within each category of FMD.
Model 1: adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), ethnicity (Han, Zhuang, other), and education (<high school, ≥high school).
Model 2: further adjusted for body mass index (kg/m²), smoking status (never, former, current), total cholesterol (mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), serum glucose (mmol/L), C-reactive protein (log mg/L), estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute per 1.73 m²), and hypertension (yes, no).
Model 3: further adjusted for heart rate (beat per minute) and baseline brachial artery diameter (mm).