Improvement of Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Genetics, Genomic Tools, and the WRKY Gene Family

Table 2

Candidate genes related to drought stress of model plants and some of major crop species.

Gene	Accession number	Plant species	Function/Plant trait	Reference
AAO3	AT2G27150	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis Regulatory Proteins, ABA Biosynthesis, Hormone Signaling	[40]
ABCG22	AT5G06530	Arabidopsis thaliana	Channels and Transporters	[41]
ABF3	AT4G34000	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, bZIP	[42]
ABF4	AT3G19290	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, bZIP	[42]
ABCG40	AT1G15520	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, ABA Importer	[43]
ABCG25	AT1G71960	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, ABA Exporter	[44]
ABH1/CBP80	AT2G13540	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[45]
ABO1/ELO1	AT5G13680	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[46]
ADAP	AT1G16060	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, AP2-Domain	[47]
AGO1	AT1G48410	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, miRNA	[48]
AHK1	AT2G17820	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[49]
AIRP1	AT4G23450	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Post-translational Modification, Ubiquitin Ligases	[50]
DREB2A	AT5G05410	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, DREB	[51]
HYL1	AT1G09700	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[52]
LOS5	AT1G16540	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[53]
AVP1	AT1G15690	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases	[54]
NCED	AT3G14440	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Hormone Signaling, ABA Biosynthesis	[55]
GolS1	AT2G47180	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[56]
GolS2	AT1G56600	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[56]
AnnAt1	AT1G35720	Arabidopsis thaliana	Growth Control	[57]
APX2	AT1G07890	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Removal of ROS, Detoxification Signaling	[58]
AREB1	AT1G45249	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, bZIP	[59]
AtATL78	AT1G49230	Arabidopsis thaliana	Post-translational Modification, Ubiquitin Ligases	[60]
AtBG1	AT1G52400	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Hormone and ABA Signaling	[61]
ATHB6	AT2G22430	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors	[62]
AtNF-YB1	AT2G38880	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, NF-Y	[62]
AtrbohD	AT5G47910	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[63]
AtrbohF	AT1G64060	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[63]
OSM1/SYP61	AT1G28490	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[64]
OST1/SRK2E	AT4G33950	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[63]
CBF4	AT5G51990	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, DREB	[65]
MYC2	AT1G32640	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, MYC	[66]
GORK	AT5G37500	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Transporters, Ion Channels, Cation Channel	[67]
GCR1	AT1G48270	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[68]
DREB1A/CBF3	AT4G25480	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, DREB	[69]
CBP20	AT5G44200	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, miRNA	[70]
CLCc	AT5G49890	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Ion and Anion Channel	[71]
CML9	AT3G51920	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction	[71]
CPK21	AT4G04720	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[72]
CPK23	AT4G04740	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[73]
CYP707A1	AT4G19230	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Hormone Signaling, ABA Degradation	[74]
CYP707A3	AT5G45340	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Hormone Signaling	[74]
ERD1	AT5G51070	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Proteases	[72]
GPX3	AT2G43350	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Removal of ROS, Detoxification Signaling	[73]
HAB1	AT1G72770	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Phosphatases	[74]
HD2C	AT5G03740	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Histone Modification	[75]
MYB2	AT2G47190	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, MYB	[66]
MRP4	AT2G47800	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters	[76]
SHINE1 (SHN1/WIN1)	AT1G15360	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, AP2-Domain	[77]
SRK2C	AT1G78290	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[77]
MYB60	AT1G08810	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, MYB	[78]
MYB61	AT1G09540	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, MYB	[79]
RPK1	AT1G69270	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[80]
RGS1	AT3G26090	Arabidopsis thaliana	Growth Control, Root/Leaf Development, Signal Transduction	[81]
DOR	AT2G31470	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[82]
EDT1/HDG11	AT1G73360	Arabidopsis thaliana	Growth Control, Root/Leaf Development, Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors	[83]
GPA1	AT2G26300	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[84]
GTG1	AT1G64990	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Hormone Signaling	[84]
SAD1	AT5G48870	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[85]
HARDY	AT2G36450	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, AP2-Domain	[78]
OST2	AT2G18960	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases	[78]
PIP1;4	AT4G00430	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Water Channels	[81]
PIP2;5	AT3G54820	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Water Channels	[81]
KAT2	AT4G18290	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Ion Channels, Cation Channel	[82]
MYB44	AT5G67300	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, MYB	[83]
NFYA5	AT1G54160	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, NF-Y	[84]
P5CS1	AT2G39800	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[86]
SLAC1	AT1G12480	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Ion Channels, Anion Channel	[87]
GTG2	AT4G27630	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Regulatory Proteins, Hormone Signaling	[88]
OCP3	AT5G11270	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors
TPS1	AT1G78580	Arabidopsis thaliana	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Functional Proteins, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[78]
PYL9/RCAR1	AT1G01360	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Hormone Signaling	[82]
SQE1	AT1G58440	Arabidopsis thaliana	Functional Proteins, Phospholipid Metabolism	[83]
HDA19	AT4G38130	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Histone Modification	[84]
HDA6	AT5G63110	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Histone Modification	[84]
KAT2	AT2G33150	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Phospholipid Metabolism	[86]
SLAH3	AT5G24030	Arabidopsis thaliana	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis, Channels and Transporters, Ion Channels, Anion Channel	[87]
PEPCK	AT4G37870	Arabidopsis thaliana	Stomatal Movement, Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis	[88]
MIR168A	AT4G19395	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, miRNA	[47]
FAR1	AT4G15090	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors	[79]
FHY3	AT3G22170	Arabidopsis thaliana	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors	[79]
AlSAP	LOC_Os07g07350	Aeluropus littoralis	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, Zinc Fingers	[83]
CMO	AT4G29890	Atriplex hortensis	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[84]
BnPIP1	AT3G53420	Brassica napus	Ion and Osmotic Homeostasis; Functional Proteins; Channels and Transporters; Water Channels	[86]
BnPtdIns-PLC2	AT3G08510	Brassica napus	Functional Proteins; Phospholipid Metabolism	[87]
CAP2	Solyc05g052410	Cicer arietinum	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, AP2-Domain	[88]
SAMDC	Solyc05g010420	Datura stramonium	Detoxification, Osmolyte Production, Enzymes for Osmolyte Biosynthesis	[80]
GbRLK	LOC_Os04g56130	Gossypium barbadense	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[81]
GhMKK1	Solyc12g009020	Gossypium hirsutum	Regulatory Proteins; Signal Transduction; Protein Kinases	[82]
GmERF3	Solyc06g063070	Glycine max	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, AP2-Domain	[83]
GsZFP1	Glyma10g44160	Glycine soja	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, Zinc Fingers	[84]
CBF4	MLOC_54227	Hordeum vulgare	Regulatory Proteins, Transcription Factors, DREB	[86]
CDPK7	LOC_Os03g03660	Oryza sativa	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[87]
CIPK03	LOC_Os07g48760	Oryza sativa	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[88]
CIPK12	LOC_Os01g55450	Oryza sativa	Regulatory Proteins, Signal Transduction, Protein Kinases	[88]