Apelin-13 Is an Early Promoter of Cytoskeleton and Tight Junction in Diabetic Macular Edema via PI-3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk Signaling Pathways

Figure 5

Apelin plays roles on HRMECs via PI-3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways. The protein expression of phosphorylated PLCγ1 (a, e), p38 (b, f), Akt (c, g), and Erk (d, h) was higher under high glucose- and apelin-treated conditions, compared with control one. On the contrary, F13A decreased the phosphorylation of the four proteins under high glucose condition (i–l). Protein intensity was quantified by Image J software and expressed as fold of change relative to control (mean ± SD, ). , , versus control one, Student’s -test. NG: normal glucose; MG: middle glucose; HG: high glucose.

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