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Probiotic strain | Subjects | Dose and duration of study | Effects (P<0.05) | Ref. |
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Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402 | 49 normal to mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults | 2x109 CFU encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402 twice daily for 16 weeks. | (i) Significant reduction in LDL-C in volunteers with baseline TC<5mM during the 0±12 week period (13.9%) (ii) Significant reduction in TC in volunteers with baseline TC_6mM in the 0±6 week period (37.6%) (iii) A significant decrease in TAG (53.9%) (iv) increase in HDL-C (14.7%) in the over 60 years population in the 6±12 week period | [58] |
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Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 | 45 clinically asymptomatic hypercholesterolaemic participants | Consumed an RAC containing an anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (LFME-3) for 4 weeks. | (i) The reduction of total cholesterol (from 6.5 ± 1.0 to 5.7 ± 0.9 mmol/l) (ii) HDL cholesterol level rose from 1.60 ± 0.31to 1.67 ± 0.34mml/l) | [59] |
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Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 | 51 subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) other cardiovascular risks | Daily ingestion of 80 mL fermented milk with 2.72 x 1010 CFU of B. lactis HN019 for 45 days. | (i) 7.7 % decrease of total cholesterol (ii) LDL-cholesterol reduce by 13% | [60] |
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Streptococcus thermophilus | 30 subjects, respectively, with average serum LDL-cholesterol levels of about 140 mg/dl. | Streptococcus thermophiles (ST) -fermented milk or non-fermented placebo milk (PC) was consumed once a day for 12 weeks | Daily consumption of ST-fermented milk beneficial in healthy or mildly hyper- LDL cholesterolaemic subjects. The benefits were particularly remarkable in subjects who had higher levels of MDA-LDL. | [61] |
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Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 | 48-volunteers with serum cholesterol level ranging from 5.40 to 8.32 mmol/L | 200 g of yoghurt containing L. acidophilus L1 for 10 weeks | Reduction of 2.4% total cholesterol level compared to the placebo group. | [62] |
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Bifidobacterium longumBL1 | 32 subjects with baseline cholesterol ranging from 220-280 mg/dL, body weight ranging from 55.4-81.8 kg, aged 28-60 years old | Incorporation of 108 CFU/g B. longumBL1 daily for 4 weeks. | (i) a significant decline in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (ii) 14.5% increase in HDL-cholesterol | [63] |
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Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (ProViva) | 36 healthy volunteers with moderately elevated fibrinogen concentrations (>3.0 g/L); 35-45 years old; mean total cholesterol of 5.59 ± 0.88 mmol/L for treatment group & 5.51±0.75 mmol/L for control group. | 400 mL of rose-hip drink containing 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL daily for 6 weeks. | (i) 2.5% decrease in total serum cholesterol level (ii) Decrease in LDL-C by 7.9% | [64] |
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Enterococcus faecium& 2 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus (Causido®; Gaio®) | 32 patients between 36-65 years old with mean total cholesterol of 48.47 ± 26.75 mg/dL and mean LDL-C of 172.22±21.17 mg/dL | 200 g of Gaio® containing 105-109 /mL of E. faecium& 5-20× 108/mL of S. thermophilus daily for 16 weeks | (i) Total cholesterol reduced by 5.3% (ii)LDL cholesterol reduce by 6.15% | [65] |
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