Usefulness of Serum Cardiac Biomarkers for Predicting In-Hospital Cardiac Complications in Acute Hip Fracture: A Prospective Cohort in 20 High Surgical Risk patients with Age over 55 Years
Table 4
The relationship between patients' characteristics and in-hospital complications.
Cardiac complication
Non-cardiac related complication
Yes (n=5)
No (n=15)
p-value
RR (95% C.I.)
Yes (n=7)
No (n=13)
p-value
RR (95% C.I.)
Age, year
84 ± 3
77 ± 9
0.083
78 ± 10
79 ± 7
0.803
Male gender
1 (20)
5 (33)
1
0.58 (0.08-4.19)
2 (29)
4 (31)
1
0.93 (0.22-3.87)
BMI, kg/m2
20.1 ± 4.3
21.4 ± 3.6
0.499
21.7 ± 4.6
20.8 ± 3.3
0.615
Intertrochanteric fracture
3 (60)
8 (53)
1
1.23 (0.26-5.82)
4 (57)
7 (54)
1
1.06 (0.47-2.40)
Injury on right side
3 (60)
6 (40)
0.617
1.83 (0.39-8.70)
3 (43)
6 (46)
1
0.93 (0.33-2.62)
Time from fracture to surgery, day
2.8 ± 1.9
2.1 ± 1.3
0.352
3.4 ± 1.9
1.6 ± 0.7
0.005
ASA grade 4
4 (80)
1 (7)
0.005
12 (1.72-83.8)
4 (57)
1 (8)
0.031
7.43 (1.02-54.3)
Comorbid disease
DM
1 (20)
3 (20)
1.000
1.00 (0.15-6.67)
1 (14)
3 (23)
1.000
0.62 (0.08-4.90)
Hypertension
3 (60)
11 (73)
0.613
0.64 (0.14-2.91)
4 (57)
10 (77)
0.613
0.73 (0.37-1.51)
IHD
2 (40)
2 (13)
0.249
2.67 (0.65-10.97)
1 (14)
3 (23)
1.000
0.62 (0.08-4.90)
AF
2 (40)
1 (7)
0.140
3.78 (1.03-13.89)
1 (14)
2 (15)
1.000
0.93 (0.10-8.53)
COPD
1 (20)
3 (20)
1.000
1.00 (0.15-6.67)
1 (14)
3 (23)
1.000
0.62 (0.08-4.90)
Stroke
0 (0)
4 (27)
0.530
0.31 (0.02-4.68)
1 (14)
3 (23)
1.000
0.62 (0.08-4.90)
Malignancy
1 (20)
1 (7)
0.447
2.25 (0.44-11.52)
1 (14)
1 (8)
1.000
1.86 (0.14-25.4)
CCI
5.6 ± 1.3
4.2 ± 1.3
0.056
4.3 ± 1.6
4.7 ± 1.4
0.559
Hemoglobin, g/dL
8.9 ± 1.8
11.4 ± 1.7
0.014
10.8 ± 2.6
10.7 ± 1.7
0.955
GFR, mL/minute/1.73m2
46.3 ± 19.3
71.7 ± 22.8
0.039
55.8 ± 29.7
70.5 ± 20.3
0.204
Albumin, g/L
29.3 ± 4.0
33.3 ± 3.9
0.059
32.6 ± 3.3
32.2 ± 4.8
0.838
Intraoperative blood loss, mL
450 ± 499
228 ± 154
0.383
1.64 (0.53-5.09)
200 (150, 338)
300 (50, 363)
0.968
PLOS, day
10 (3, 15)
4 (3, 5)
0.172
7 (4, 10)
3 (3, 5)
0.034
Positive hsTnI with normal cut-off reference level
On admission
4 (80)
1 (7)
0.005
12.0 (1.7-83.8)
2 (29)
3 (23)
1.000
1.24 (0.27-5.75)
Postoperative 24 hour
4 (80)
2 (13)
0.014
6.0 (1.54-23.4)
2 (29)
4 (31)
1.000
0.93 (0.22-3.87)
Positive NT-proBNP with cut-off level as 821 pg/mL
On admission
3 (60)
3 (20)
0.131
3.0 (0.87-10.36)
1 (14)
5 (38)
0.354
0.37 (0.05-2.59)
Postoperative 24 hour
4 (80)
4 (27)
0.109
3.0 (1.16-7.73)
2 (29)
6 (46)
0.642
0.62 (0.17-2.29)
BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist; DM: diabetes milletus; IHD: ischemic heart disease; AF: atrial fibrillation. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; PLOS: postoperative length of stay; GFR: glomerular infiltration rate. ▯: values presented as mean ± standard deviation. ◆: values presented as number of cases (percentage); ■: values presented as median (interquartile range). : significant difference with p<0.05
