A Review on Adducin from Functional to Pathological Mechanisms: Future Direction in Cancer

Table 2

Phenotype characteristics associated with Add-null mice in different biological systems.

Gene knockout/allele symbol (synonym)	Add1/Add1 tm1Llp	Add2/Add2 tm1Llp (β-adducin-)	Add3/Add3 tm1.2Llp (-addexneo)
Human disease model	Hydrocephalus	Hereditary spherocytosis type 1	Cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 3
	Essential hypertension
Phenotypes	Mortality/aging	Immune system	No abnormal phenotype detected
	Prenatal lethality, incomplete penetrance	Increased spleen iron level
	Growth/size/body	Enlarged spleen	-
	Decreased body size	Liver/biliary system
	Decreased body weight	Increased liver iron level
	Hematopoietic system	Hematopoietic system
	Normal hematopoietic system phenotype	Anemia
	Hemolytic anemia	Abnormal erythrocyte morphology
	Abnormal erythrocyte morphology	Reticulocytosis
	Thrombocytosis	Abnormal erythrocyte physiology
	Decreased mean platelet volume	Nervous system
	Reticulocytosis	Impaired synaptic plasticity
	Nervous system	Abnormal CNS synaptic transmission
	Nonobstructive hydrocephaly	Enhanced paired-pulse facilitation
	Homeostasis/metabolism	Renal/urinary system
	Normal homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	Increased kidney iron level
References	[155]	[39]	[156]