Papain Ameliorates the MPAs Formation-Mediated Activation of Monocytes by Inhibiting Cox-2 Expression via Regulating the MAPKs and PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway

Figure 3

Impact of TNF- on the protective effect of papain on MPAs formation and monocytes activation. (a) Gating strategy for the quantification of MPA subsets in the coculture system of THP-1 cells and activated platelets by flow cytometry (FCM). MPAs were evaluated by expression of CD14 and CD41. CD14⁺ cells suggested being monocytes, and activated platelet was identified by CD41 expression. (b) Surface marker of monocyte activation was measured by FCM detection. Activated monocytes were stained with CD11b. (c) Results of quantitative analysis of CD14 and CD41 as well as CD11b positive cells in control and thrombin, papain, NS-398 and TNF-α-treated groups. K-S test showed that data were in normal distribution in all groups (P>0.05). indicates thrombin-treated group versus control group. ^# indicates papain and thrombin-treated or NS-398-treated groups versus single thrombin-only-treated group. indicates papain+TNF-α-treated group versus papain or NS-398-treated groups. p<0.01, ^##p<0.01, p<0.01.

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