Searching for Clinically Relevant Biomarkers in Geriatric Oncology

Table 1

Candidate disease biomarkers in oncogeriatrics.

Biological process	Candidate disease biomarkers	Refs
DNA damage (upstream)	Gamma-H2AX, 53BP1, MDC1	[21, 32]
DNA damage induced alterations in tissue composition; (e.g., immune system)	Decreased production of naïve lymphocytes with a concomitant increase of myeloid cell lineages	[16, 21, 32]
Senescence induction	p21, p16, and SA-beta-GAL	[21, 33]
Senescence-associated secretory alterations	G-SCF, IL-6, IL-8, GRO (a, b, g), IL-7, ICAM-1	[21, 32, 34, 35]
Telomere dysfunction	Telomere shortening, altered expression of proteins of the shelterin, anaphase bridges, and chromosomal imbalances	[21, 36–38]