Research Article

Epidemiology, Characteristics, and Outcomes of ICU-Managed Homeless Patients: A Population-Based Study

Table 2

The characteristics, hospital resource utilization, and outcomes of ICU admissions.

VariablesICU admissions
= 15,553

Age, years (%)
 <1833 (0.2)
 18–444,954 (31.9)
 45–649,565 (61.7)
 ≥65971 (6.2)
Gender
 Female1,430 (26.2)
Race/ethnicity (%)
 White7,876 (50.6.0)
 Hispanic2,649 (17.0)
 Black4,242 (27.3)
 Other786 (5.1)
Health insurance (%)
 Private1,976 (12.7)
 Medicare2,587 (16.3)
 Medicaid3,493 (22.5)
 Uninsured7,018 (45.1)
 Other479 (3.1)
 Missing54 (0.3)
Deyo comorbidity index (mean [SD])1.6 (2.1)
Comorbidities (%)
 Lung diseas3,726 (24.0)
 Diabete3,327 (21.4)
 Liver diseas2,894 (18.6)
 Renal diseas1,517 (9.8)
 Congestive heart failur2,291 (14.7)
 Malignanc504 (3.2)
 HI466 (3.0)
Mental illness13,050 (83.9)
 Depression5,395 (34.7)
 Drug-related disorders5,794 (37.3)
 Alcohol-related disorders6,537 (42.0)
Smoking8,648 (55.6)
Malnutrition1,517 (9.8)
Obesity1,037 (6.7)
Transfer from another hospital655 (4.2)
Type of hospital admission (%)
 Medical13,669) (87.9)
 Surgical1,884 (12.1)
Teaching hospital9,072 (58.3)
Number of organ failures (%)
 09,081 (58.4)
 14,001 (25.7)
 21,564 (10.1)
 3+907 (5.6)
Type of organ failures (%)
 Respiratory2,116 (13.6)
 Cardiovascular981 (6.3)
 Renal2,975 (19.1)
 Hepatic389 (2.5)
 Hematological1,546 (9.9)
 Metabolic1,156 (7.4)
 Neurological1,125 (7.2)
Mechanical ventilation (%)1,565 (10.0)
Hemodialysis (%)510 (3.3)
Blood transfusion (%)1,452 (9.3)
Hospital length of stay (days)
 Mean (SD)7.4 (10.6)
 Median (IQR)5 (3–8)
Total hospital charge
 Mean (SD)50,234 (66,383)
 Median (IQR)29,494 (18,109–54,418)
Hospital disposition (%)
 Routine home11,351 (73.0)
 Home with home health186 (1.2)
 Another hospital1,306 (8.4)
 Nursing facility908 (5.8)
 Leave against medical advice1,116 (7.2)
 Death383 (2.5)
 Hospice119 (0.8)
 Missing184 (1.2)

Gender was masked in 10,086 ICU admissions; part of the Deyo comorbidity index; adjusted for inflation to 2014 US dollars.