Combinational Effect of Rumex tingitanus (Polygonaceae) Hexane Extract and Bacillus thuringiensis  δ-Endotoxin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Figure 1

Growth inhibitory action of R. tingitanus hexane extract on Spodoptera littoralis after 48 hours of feeding on a treated diet. Ten fourth instar larvae of S. littoralis were exposed to different concentrations of Rt hexane extract and larvae mass was recorded at 48 h. Each treatment was replicated three times. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replications. Superscripts and denote statically significant at P < 0.01, P < 0.001 with comparison to control.