Combinational Effect of Rumex tingitanus (Polygonaceae) Hexane Extract and Bacillus thuringiensis  δ-Endotoxin against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Table 4

Joint effect analysis for B. thuringiensis BLB250 delta-endotoxins mixed with different concentrations of R. tingitanus hexane extract (RtHexF) against 1st and 2nd instar larvae of S. littoralis within 48 h.

Instar larvae	Compound; a	Compound; b	Larval mortality ()
			Compounds		Binary mixtures
			Observed a	Observed b	Observed	Expected		Effect
1st instar	BLB250	RtHexF (0.3125 mg g^−1)	30	10	40	37	0.24	Additive
	BLB250	RtHexF (0.625 mg g^−1)	30	23.3	60	46.31	4.05	Synergistic
	BLB250	RtHexF (1.25 mg g^−1)	30	30	70	51	7.08	Synergistic
	BLB250	RtHexF (2.5 mg g^−1)	30	50	90	65	9.62	Synergistic
	BLB250	RtHexF (5 mg g^−1)	30	60	100	72	10.90	Synergistic
2nd instar	BLB250	RtHexF (0.625 mg g^-1)	30	10	45	37	1.73	Additive
	BLB250	RtHexF (1.25 mg g^−1)	30	15	60	40.5	9.40	Synergistic
	BLB250	RtHexF (2.5 mg g^−1)	30	50	90	65	9.61	Synergistic
	BLB250	RtHexF (5 mg g^−1)	30	60	100	72	10.88	Synergistic