Salivary Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis Disease

Table 1

Summary of published studies using the WS in SSc.

Study	Saliva sample	Patients/controls	Analytical methods	Findings
Giusti et al. [14]	UWS	15/15	2-DE, MALDI-TOF/MS	Presence of 9 proteins only in SSc (calgranulin A, calgranulin B, psoriasin, Arp2/3 complex, ß2-microglobulin, TPI, GAPDH, cyclophilin A, and cystatin B).
Baldini et al. [13]	UWS	44/80	SDS/PAGE, Western blot	Significant association of psoriasin with pulmonary involvement in dcSSc.
Knaś et al. [7]	UWS/SWS	97/55	ELISA, Spectrophotometrically	(i) In UWS of dcSSc and lcSSc: (1) Salivary flow, the output of total protein, and peroxidase activity were significantly lower.; (2) sIgA and lactoferrin were significantly higher.; (ii) In SWS: (1) In lcSSc, the total lysozyme and peroxidase activity were significantly higher.; (2) In dcSSc, the salivary flow was significantly lower and the total sIgA and peroxidase activity were significantly higher.
Giusti et al. [12]	UWS	134/74	ELISA	Significant correlation between salivary psoriasin and DLCO in SSc.

dcSSc, diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis; DLCO, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; lcSSc, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis; MALDI-TOF, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization; MS, mass spectroscopy; SDS/PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SSc, systemic sclerosis; SWS, stimulated whole saliva; UWS, unstimulated whole saliva; 2-DE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.