Review Article

Salivary Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis Disease

Table 2

Salivary proteins identified in WS of SSc patients according to Giusti et al. [14].

ProteinsSwiss-Prot/NCBIFunction

Calgranulin AP05109Present in chronic inflammation and in epithelial cells constitutively or induced during dermatoses. Involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human neutrophils. Seem to have a major role in inflammatory and immunological responses. May interact with components of the intermediate filaments in monocytes and epithelial cells. May play a role in inhibiting the matrix metalloproteinases activity.

Calgranulin BP06702Present in acute and in chronic inflammation. Stimulate neutrophil adhesion. Involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human neutrophils. May play a role in inhibiting the protein kinases and the matrix metalloproteinases activity. May interact with components of the intermediate filaments in monocytes and epithelial cells.

Cystatin BP04080Proteinase inhibiting properties. Tightly binding reversible inhibitor of cathepsins L, H, and B.

PsoriasinP31151Present in fetal ear, skin, and tongue and human cell lines. Highly expressed in psoriasis and in other inflammatory skin diseases. Seem to participate in tumor progression. Also highly expressed in the urine of patients with bladder squamous cell carcinoma.

ß2-MicroglobulinQ6IAT8Component of the MHC class I molecules.

Cyclophilin AP62937Involved in expression, folding, and degradation of proteins. Catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.

Glyceraldeyde-3
P-dehydrogenase
P04406Glycolytic enzymes present in the cytoplasm. Play a role in degradation of carbohydrate and glycolysis.

Triose phosphate
isomerase
P60174A highly conserved glycolytic enzyme. Mediated by glycolysis in red blood cells and in brain cells. Biosynthesis of carbohydrate and gluconeogenesis.

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2O15144Strong candidate for the control of actin polymerization in chemotaxis.