Health-Related Quality of Life in Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Clinical Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

Correlation and multivariate linear regression for the relationship between patient characteristics and NHP scores.

Characteristics

NHP

Energy Level

Pain

Emotional reactions

Sleep disorders

Social isolation

Physical mobility

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Correlation coefficient

Linear regression coefficient [95% CI]

Age, yrs

0.241

0.233

0.049

0.115

0.128

0.300

Gender

Female

−0.155

−0.118

−0.216

−0.308

-

−0.241

0.197

Male

−28.2

[−50.1; −6.3]

Work status

Full-time

−0.226

−0.328

−0.152

−0.239

−0.046

−0.201

Homemaker

0.082

0.009

0.200

0.050

0.112

0.000

Retired

0.146

0.303

−0.012

0.188

−0.044

0.188

Disease duration, months

−0.134

−0.294

0.094

−0.179

−0.098

−0.239

Etiology

PAH/others

0.344

0.352

-

0.338

0.242

0.257

0.409

CTEPH

27.2

[9.4; 45.1]

Comorbidities

Yes

0.295

0.207

0.116

0.098

0.172

0.310

No

Functional class

I/II

0.686

-

0.555

0.309

0.166

0.382

0.649

-

III/IV

30.7

21.8

[11.8; 49.6]

[7.60; 36.1]

6MWD, meters

−0.578

5.89

−0.507

−0.293

−0.189

0.291

−0.742

−0.12

[2.66; 9.13]

[−0.18; −0.06]

Borg dyspnea

0.747

0.544

0.607

3.79

0.296

0.488

5.03

0.617

[2.19; 5.38]

[2.75; 7.31]

HR_bas, bpm

−0.117

−0.187

−0.427

−0.42

−0.341

−0.406

−0.185

[−0.78; −0.07]

HR_Max, bpm

−0.421

−0.410

−0.438

−0.174

−0.153

−0.214

−0.294

[−0.84; −0.04]

DeltaHR

−0.346

−0.298

0.058

0.038

0.024

−0.202

SBP, mmHg

−0.124

−0.039

−0.144

−0.187

−0.349

−0.041

O2Sat_min, mmHg

−0.283

−0.230

−0.285

−0.025

−0.279

−0.353

Delta O2Sat

0.323

0.271

0.284

0.032

0.280

0.361

NT-proBNP, pg/mL

0.161

0.134

0.063

−0.094

−0.012

0.318

Oxygen use

Yes

0.242

0.182

0.204

0.057

0.222

0.328

No

PH specific therapy

None

−0.029

0.053

0.057

0.104

−0.006

0.058

Monotherapy

0.058

0.104

0.012

0.268

−0.018

−0.011

Combination therapy

−0.040

−0.143

−0.051

−0.343

0.022

−0.028

Constant

NA

NA

58.3

NA

42.3

NA

35.4

NA

n.a.

71.1

[14.1; 102.4]

[13.5; 71.0]

[24.7; 46.1]

[42.5; 99.8]

Adjusted

NA

0.504

NA

0.218

NA

0.441

NA

0.113

NA

0.290

n.a.

0.602

For the purpose of brevity only variables with significant results are displayed in the table. The following variables were considered for statistical analysis but did not reach statistical significance: marital status, DBP, DeltaBP, Sat_bas, RAP, mPAP, PAOP, CI, PVR, oral anticoagulants, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, PH-specific therapy route; correlation coefficients calculated using Spearman’s rank (quantitative versus quantitative variables) or point-biserial (quantitative versus categorical). adjusted represents the proportion of variability explained by the proposed model; 6MWD: 6-minute walk distance test; NT-BNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; Borg: Borg dyspnea score; CAMPHOR: Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review; CI: cardiac index; CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DeltaHR: maximum-basal heart rate; DeltaSat: basal-minimum oxygen saturation; HR_Bas: basal heart rate; HR_Max: maximum heart rate; mPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; NA: not applicable; NHP: Nottingham Health Profile; NS: not significant; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAOP: pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; RAP: right atrial pressure; Sat_min: minimum oxygen saturation; Sat_bas: basal oxygen saturation; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; ; ; .