| | Drugs for PD [7] | Mechanism | Side effects |
| | L-DOPA and Carbidopa | A precursor to dopamine, combined with carbidopa, which blocks aromatic amino acid decarboxylase | Nausea, vomiting, insomnia, psychosis, hallucinations, hypotension, arrhythmia, somnolence, nightmares | | Selegiline, Rasagiline, Safinamide | Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-B); increase the synaptic availability of dopamine; safinamide also inhibits glutamate release | Abnormal movements, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, persistent diarrhoea, constipation, weight loss | | Entacapone and Tolcapone | Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors (COMT); Increase CNS L-DOPA bioavailability by decreasing peripheral L-DOPA metabolism | Dyskinesia, nausea, sleep disturbances, arterial hypotension, liver toxicity, vomiting, dizziness | Pramipexole,
Ropinirole,
Rotigotine,
Apomorphine | Dopamine agonists; stimulate the action of dopamine at postsynaptic receptors | Nausea, dyskinesia, hallucinations, sleepiness, sleep attacks, confusion, ankle oedema, orthostatic hypotension, constipation | Trihexyphenidyl and
Benztropine | Anticholinergics; block acetylcholine in the striatum | Dry mouth, urine retention, hallucinations, dry eyes, constipation, blurred vision, loss of memory, and confusion, somnolence, dizziness | | Amantadine | Is an antagonist of the NMDA type glutamate receptor and also stimulates dopamine release | Oedema, hallucinations, insomnia, confusion |
| | Drugs For ADHD [8] | Mechanism | Side effects |
| | Methylphenidate | Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine | Anxiety, agitation, insomnia, decrease appetite, weight loss, irritability, hypertension, headache, stomach pain, numbness | | Amphetamines | Inhibit reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine | Decrease appetite, weight loss, irritability, hypertension, anxiety, agitation, nervousness, depression | | Atomoxetine | Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | Dry mouth, sedation, fatigue, increased sweating, hypertension, decrease appetite, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, itching, impotence, unusually fast or irregular heartbeat, increased suicidality | | Imipramine, Nortriptyline, Amitriptyline, Desipramine | Tricyclic antidepressants; Inhibit reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine | Dry mouth, sweating abnormalities, drowsiness/sedation, increased suicidality | | Clonidine and Guanfacine | Agonists of the -2 and -2A adrenergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex | Dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, profound withdrawal effects |
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