Cell Fragmentation and Permeabilization by a 1 ns Pulse Driven Triple-Point Electrode

Figure 7

Time-resolved images for cell detachment near the tip of TPE during the application of 1 ns pulses. (a) A bubble ( = 1.1 s, indicated by the orange arrow, ~30 μm diameter) wiped out a cell (indicated by the red arrow), which is presumably caused by its collapse. In the meantime, other adjacent cells remained attached. (b) In a different experiment, a cell (indicated by the red arrow , 1.4 s, 1.45 s, and 1.55 s, denoted as cell C) was wiped out from the cover slip and a bubble (indicated by the yellow arrow at = 1.55 s and 1.6 s, denoted as bubble A, ~100 μm diameter) was pushed away, which were caused by the same event, presumably a bubble collapse in the proximity of cell C. The cell indicated by an orange arrow was also wiped out in the same time.

(a)

(b)