Role of the CHADS₂ Score in the Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Carotid Artery Ultrasonography

Table 1

Baseline clinical characteristics.

		Atrial fibrillation (n = 109)
	Control group; (n = 50)	Paroxysmal AF group; (n = 59)	Persistent AF group; (n = 50)
Age (years)	55.98 ± 7.19	58.32 ± 10.18	59.30 ± 8.94
SBP (mmHg)	122.74 ± 13.34	135.19 ± 19.	137.48 ± 18.
DBP (mmHg)	81.1 ± 611.29	79.51 ± 13.81	83.90 ± 12.44
Heart rate min^−1	66.60 ± 11.72	71.68 ± 24.20	88.58 ± 20.
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.76 ± 4.53	26.18 ± 3.52	26.12 ± 3.67
Waist-hip ration	0.87 ± 0.06	0.89 ± 0.0	0.91 ± 0.0
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.42 ± 0.79	5.67 ± 2.04	5.48 ± 1.06
Cholesterol(mmol/L)	5.02 ± 0.99	4.77 ± 0.95	4.79 ± 1.40
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.35 ± 0.27	1.29 ± 0.30	1.23 ± 0.30
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.65 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 0.72	2.76 ± 1.02
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.50 ± 0.91	1.50 ± 0.74	1.73 ± 1.19
Male (%)	22 (44%)	37 (62%)	32 (64%)
Smoking history (%)	17 (33%)	23 (39%)	23 (46%
Drinking history (%)	15 (29%)	27 (46%	27 (53%
Hypertension (%)	8 (16%)	36 (62^%	29 (57%)
Diabetes mellitus (%)	24 (4%)	12 (20%	8 (16%)
CAD (%)	0	21 (36%	21 (41%
Prior Stroke (%)	0	3 (5%)	13 (26%
Statins (%)	0	13 (22%	13 (26%
Beta-blockers (%)	1 (2%)	36 (61%	32 (64%
ACEI (%)	0	22 (37%	12 (23%
ARB (%)	0	14 (24%	20 (39%
Anticoagulants (%)	1 (2%)	24 (41%	19 (37%
Aspirin (%)	2 (4%)	35 (60%	36 (71%
CHADS2 score
0 (%)	38 (76%)	20 (33.9%)	17 (34%)
1 (%)	12 (24%)	30 (50.8%)	12 (24%)
2 (%)	0	8 (13.6%)	14 (28%)
3 (%)	0	0	7 (14%)
≥4 (%)	0	1 (1.7%)	0

Note. Compared with the control group, < 0.05; < 0.01; < 0.001.
Compared with the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group, ^†P < 0.05; ^††P < 0.01; ^†††P < 0.001.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CAD, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers.