, 9 F/6 M Age: 63.7 ± 9.4 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 4/11 Side of hemiplegia: 6 L/14 R Weeks after stroke: 5.7 ± 2.3
, 9 F/6 M Age: 66.4 ± 11.9 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 5/110 Side of hemiplegia: 6 L/14 R Weeks after stroke: (week): 5.1 ± 1.6
60 min/session, for 4 week (total 20 sessions and 10 hours RAGT)
30 min of robot-assisted gait and stair climbing training (G-EO system) + 30 min physiotherapy
60 min of conventional physiotherapy gait and stair climbing therapy
(1) Within groups: significant in FAC, gait velocity, RMI in both groups during intervention and follow-up (2) Between groups: significant in FAC between groups after intervention
(HM) Age: 68.33 ± 9.11 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 9/3 Side of hemiplegia: 8 L/4 R Days after stroke: Mean of 20 days (LM) Age: 55.58 ± 13.35 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 9/3 Side of hemiplegia: 3 L/9 R Days after stroke: Mean of 20 days
(HM) Age: 62.92 ± 17.43 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 12/0 Side of hemiplegia: 4 L/8 R Days after stroke: Mean of 20 days (LM) Age: 60.17 ± 9.59 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 11/1 Side of hemiplegia: 5 L/7 R Days after stroke: Mean of 20 days
2 sessions/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks (total 20 sessions and 10 hours RAGT)
Robotic-assisted gait training (gait trainer) + conventional therapy
Conventional gait training
(1) Between groups: significant in FAC, BI, RMI between 2 LM groups (2) Between groups: no significance between the 2 HM groups
, 9 M/2 F Age: 57.3 ± 10.9 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 2/9 Side of hemiplegia: 5 L/6 R Days after stroke: 38 ± 21
, 9 M/2 F Age: 58.1 ± 11.4 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 1/10 Side of hemiplegia: 7 L/4 R Days after stroke: 36 ± 21
30 min/session, 5 sessions/week, for 4 weeks (total 20 sessions and 10 hours RAGT)
Walked assisted by Walkaround at a pace in a range from 0.3 to 0.7 m/s
Walk at their natural pace and use conventional gait assistance (cane, physical therapist assistance)
(1) Within groups: significant for the BBS after 6 months in both groups and in gait speed among the Exp group at the end of therapy and after 6 months (2) Between groups: significant for the gait speed and BBS after 4 weeks and in gait speed after 6 months between groups
, 10 M/6 F Age: 50.0 ± 9.6 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 9/7 Side of stroke: 5 R/11 L Days after stroke: 61.6 ± 28.7
, 5 M/8 F Age: 56.0 ± 8.7 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 10/4 Side of stroke: 5 R/9 L Days after stroke: 67.1 ± 49.1
3.5 h/week, for 8 weeks (total 16 hours RAGT)
Lokomat (2 h) + conventional therapy (1.5 h) a week aimed at improving walking ability
Conventional therapy (3.5 h) of physical therapy a week aimed at improving walking ability
(1) Within groups: significant for walking speed, FAC, BBS, RMI, TUG after training and follow-up in both groups (2) Between groups: no significant differences in improvements in any of the variables between groups
, 11 M/2 F Age: 61.8 ± 7.5 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 8/5 Side of hemiplegia: 7 R/6 L Days after stroke: 22.9 ± 7.4
, 9 M/4 F Age: 65.5 ± 12.1 Diagnosis (hemorrhage/ischemic): 8/5 Side of hemiplegia: 8 R/5 L Days after stroke: 26.1 ± 8.0
80 min/session, 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks (total 20 sessions and 6.7 hours RAGT)
20 min of GAR-assisted gait training + 60 min of standard physical therapy
20 min of overground conventional gait training + 60 min of standard physical therapy
(1) Within groups: significant for FAC and FIM after training in both groups (2) Between groups: significant group difference in improvement in FAC after training
Bobath approach (60 min) + robotic gait training on the Lokomat robotic system (30 min)
Bobath approach (60 min) + activities targeted at improvement in walking (30 min)
(1) Within group: significant increase in TWT at the end of the treatment and follow-up in experimental group (2) Between groups: no significant differences in improvements in any of the variables between groups
Con: control group. Exp: experimental group. FAC: functional ambulation classification. RMI: Rivermead mobility index. HM: high Motricity. LM: low Motricity. BI: Barthel index. BBS: Berg balance scale. TWT: 10 m walking test. TUG: timed up and go. 6 MWT: 6 m walk test. FIM: functional independence measure. RAGT: robot assisted gait training.
