Drug Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli in Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Summary of 35 studies reporting the prevalence and resistance pattern of E. coli in different parts of Ethiopia.

References	Region	Study area	Study period	Study design	Study population	Culture specimens	Study samples	Number of E. coli isolated	Average %resistant E. coli	NOS quality score out of 7
Abejew et al., 2014 [23]	Amhara	Dessie	January to March 2012	RCS	Test results of patients diagnosed with UTI	Urine	2486	410	51.8	6
Kibret and Abera, 2014 [24]		Dessie	—	R	Patients	Mid-stream morning urine	1404	203	53.2	6
Kibret and Abera, 2011 [25]		Dessie	—	R	Patients	Urine, ear discharge, pus swab from wounds, and eye discharge	3,149	446	44.2	6
Azene and Beyene, 2011 [26]		Dessie	—	R	Patents with wound infections	Wound swab	599	82	49.8	6
Alebachew et al., 2016 [27]		Gondar	March 1 to May 2, 2013	CS	HIV patients	Blood	100	01	44.4	7
Alemu et al., 2012 [28]		Gondar	March 22 to April 30, 2011	CS	Pregnant women attending ANC	Urine	385	19	29.2	7
Wondimeneh et al., 2014 [29]		Gondar	January to May 2013	CS	Fistula patients	“Clean-catch” mid-stream urine specimen	53	6	59.3	6
Wondimu et al., 2013 [30]		Gondar	December 2011 to June 2012	CS	Blood donated from donors at blood bank	blood	137	2	0.7	7
Eshetie et al., 2015 [31]		Gondar	February to May 2014	CS	UTI-suspected patients	Urine	442	112	48.0	4
Tiruneh et al., 2014 [32]		Gondar	September 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012	CS	UTI-suspected patients	Urine	284	120	68.0	4
Eshetie et al., 2016 [33]		Gondar	February to June 2014	CS	Patients with UTI	Urine	446	112	38.8	6
Mulu et al., 2017 [34]		Debre Markos	January 2015	R	Patients	Pus/swab from wound, urine, ear discharge, blood, stool, urethral or cervical discharge, nasal or throat swab, and CSF	575	39	31.5	6
Abera and Kibret, 2014 [35]		West Gojjam	November 2009 to February 2010	CS	Adult patients who underwent trachomatous trichiasis surgery	Conjunctival swabs	1413	20	26.5	5
Adugna et al., 2015 [36]		Bahir Dar	December 2011 to February 2012	CS	Children below five years of age with acute diarrhea	Stool sample	422	204	42.8	7
Demilie et al., 2012 [37]		Bahir Dar	October 2010 to January 2011	CS	Pregnant women	Clean-catch urine	367	16	41.7	4
Derbie et al., 2017 [38]		Bahir Dar	January 2015	R	Patients	Urine	446	72	55.3	5
Melaku et al., 2012 [39]		Bahir Dar	April to August 2010	CS	Patients	Urine	1254	33	87.8	6
Mulu et al., 2012 [40]		Bahir Dar	October 2010 to January 2011	CS	Patients	Wound swab and venous blood samples	294	8	53.1	6
Wondemagegn et al., 2015 [41]		Bahir Dar	May to November 2013	CS	Women of reproductive age	Vaginal swab	409	105	50.5	7
Dereje et al., 2017 [42]	Central Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	February to May 2015	CS	Fistula patients	Clean-catch mid-stream urine	210	65	38.2	7
Dessie et al., 2016 [43]		Addis Ababa	October 2013 and March 2014	CS	Surgical site infected patients	Wound swab	107	24	68.4	6
Desta et al., 2016 [44]		Addis Ababa	December 2012	CS	All age groups patients	Fecal samples/swabs	267	235	83.0	7
Mamuye, 2016 [45]		Addis Ababa	August 2013 to January 2014	CS	Outpatient and inpatient and pregnant women	Mid-urine samples	424	53	52.2	5
Legese et al., 2017 [46]		Addis Ababa	January to March 2014	CS	Septicemia and UTI-suspected patients	Blood and urine	322	6	72.9	6
Ramos et al., 2014 [47]	Oromia	West Arsi	July to December 2013	CS	Leprosy patients	Pus produced by ulcer	68	17	35.8	5
Derese et al., 2016 [48]		Dire Dawa	February 18, 2015, to March 25, 2015	CS	Pregnant women	Urine specimens	186	9	34.4	6
Beyene and Tsegaye, 2011 [49]		Jimma	April to June 2010	CS	UTI cases patients	Urine	228	7	27.1	5
Debalke et al., 2014 [50]		Jimma	September to December 2012	CS	HIV/AIDS patients	Urine	481	31	36.6	7
Mama et al., 2014 [51]		Jimma	May to September 2013	CS	Patients with wound infection	Wound swab	150	29	61.6	6
Mulualem, 2012 [52]		Jimma	February to March 2007	CS	Inpatients and outpatients	Urine, sputum, stool, and wound	359	67	45.7	6
Zenebe et al., 2011 [53]		Jimma	October 27, 2009, to March 26, 2010	CS	Febrile patients	Venous blood	260	4	25.0	6
Nigussie and Amsalu, 2017 [54]	SNNP	Hawassa	June to October 2014	CS	Diabetic patients	Mid-stream urine	240	11	47.7	7
Amsalu et al., 2016 [55]		Hawassa	January 2012 to December 2014	RCS	Patients registered at microbiology lab book	Pus, ear discharge, nasal swab, urine, genital swab, CSF, and stool	510	35	64.0	7
Tadesse et al., 2014 [56]		Hawassa	March to September 2012	CS	Pregnant women attending ANC	Mid-stream urine	244	16	56.3	6
Wasihun et al., 2015 [57]	Tigray	Mekelle	March to October 2014	PCS	Febrile patients	Venous blood	514	16	27.5	6
					Total		19,235	2,635

ANC: antenatal clinic, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, CS: cross-sectional, PCS: prospective cross-sectional, R: retrospective review of culture, RCS: retrospective cross-sectional, SNNP: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples, UTI: urinary tract infection, —: no data.