Major Maternal Dietary Patterns during Early Pregnancy and Their Association with Neonatal Anthropometric Measurement

Table 5

Energy and nutrients intake of the study participants across different categories of traditional dietary pattern score.

	Traditional dietary pattern score				P
	Q1; (<−0.48)	Q2; (−0.48, −0.12)	Q3; (−0.12, 0.32)	Q4; (>0.32)
Energy (kcal/day)	1801.65±650.43	2004.22±592.22	2052.10±560.61	2230.27±688.64	<0.001
Carbohydrates (g/day)	244.24±105.66	261.87±74.35	275.25±75.01	305.01±105.05	<0.001
Fat (g/day)	62.37±33.35	72.72±32.67	75.02±31.65	82.66±38.52	<0.001
Protein (g/day)	78.73±36.18	82.83±28.07	85.98±27.29	90.92±32.11	0.001
Dietary Fiber (g/day)	28.72±14.40	31.44±12.13	31.62±11	32.97±13.96	<0.001
Cholesterol (mg/day)	220.63±125.12	242.19±98.82	252.27±100.89	255.10±122.42	<0.001
Total SFA (g/day)	21.68±13.98	24.18±11.29	24.73±10.60	26.16±12.32	<0.001
Total MUFA (g/day)	17.62±9.67	19.39±8.75	20.14±6.77	23.59±10.37	<0.001
Total PUFA (g/day)	11.70±6.86	13.69±6.37	13.37±5.52	15.31±7.51	<0.001
Vitamin B1 (mg/day)	1.32±0.66	1.38±0.46	1.46±0.46	1.67±0.70	<0.001
Vitamin B2 (mg/day)	2.09±1.24	2.19±0.77	2.39±1.11	2.60±1.34	<0.001
Vitamin B3 (mg/day)	15.25±7.73	15.05±5.91	16.09±6.19	18±7.82	<0.001
Vitamin B5 (mg/day)	5.65±3.07	5.84±1.88	6.28±2.52	7.01±3.21	<0.001
Vitamin B6 (mg/day)	1.75±0.97	1.80±0.78	1.91±0.79	2.13±1.01	<0.001
Vitamin B9 (μg/day)	440.44±220.02	489.13±171.98	506.64±162.56	577.79±253.04	<0.001
Vitamin B12 (μg/day)	4.36±3.18	4.54±2.33	4.92±2.42	5.35±3.06	0.002
Vitamin C (mg/day)	201.36±123.75	224.14±114.97	222.56±98.81	236.77±142.37	0.03
Vitamin D (μg/day)	2.57±2.53	2.77±1.72	2.94±2.18	2.83±2.38	0.4
Vitamin E (mg/day)	7.97±4.19	9.34±3.43	10.02±3.42	12.89±5.08	<0.001
Vitamin K (μg/day)	300.64±303.55	278.69±229.28	316.65±280.08	325.17±285.80	<0.001
Vitamin A (RE/day)	662.33±571.37	677.87±343.67	729.23±409.11	744.70±452.74	0.2
Beta carotene (μg/day)	4928.33±5105.30	4680.14±3613.57	5083.92±3937.47	5442.80±4123.45	0.3
Calcium (mg/day)	1155.88±631.37	1267.82±451.51	1370.70±588.89	1450.87±670.68	<0.001
Magnesium (mg/day)	375.19±221.24	398.22±140.64	408.83±142.54	437.29±184.32	0.005
Fe (mg/day)	12.30±6.40	13.14±5.61	13.18±4.26	14.65±6.15	<0.001
Manganese (mg/day)	3.17±1.65	3.76±1.27	3.93±1.26	4.55±1.77	<0.001
Na (mg/day)	2220.44±1055.73	3029.23±937.70	3125.09±934.55	4237.76±1529.59
K (mg/day)	3871.97±2067.89	4193.12±1465.80	4318.04±1365.94	4678.99±1960.44	0.3
Zinc (mg/day)	11.69±6.87	12.06±4.13	12.61±4.96	13.77±6	0.001
Copper (mg/day)	1.50±0.80	1.58±0.62	1.58±0.57	1.70±0.67	0.02
Selenium (μg/day)	66.58±31.15	73.55±23.94	75.70±23.97	83.56±31.82	<0.001
Chromium (μg/day)	0.012±0.018	0.016±0.015	0.015±0.016	0.01±0.02	0.004

MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA: saturated fatty acid.
from analysis of variance.
are presented as mean± SD.