Research Article
Magnitude of Neural Tube Defects and Associated Risk Factors at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table 1
Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants, Addis Ababa University Teaching Hospitals, Ethiopia, February 1 to August 30, 2016
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| Variables | Case (%) | Controls (%) | value |
| Residence | | | 0.867 | Addis Ababa | 105 (94.6) | 209 (94.1) | | Outside Addis Ababa | 6 (5.4) | 13 (5.9) | | Age of participants (mean; SD) | 26.9; ±4.6 | 26.7; ±5.2 | 0.193 | ≤20 | 12 (10.8) | 18 (8.1) | | 21–25 | 44 (39.6) | 74 (33.3) | | 26–30 | 35 (31.5) | 84 (37.8) | | 31–35 | 12 (10.8) | 38 (17.1) | | >35 | 8 (7.2) | 8 (3.7) | | Age of partners (mean; SD) | 32.0; ±7 | 32.5; ±7 | 0.252 | 20–29 | 42 (37.8) | 82 (36.9) | | 30–39 | 57 (51.4) | 101 (45.5) | | ≥40 | 12 (10.8) | 39 (17.6) | | Religion | | | 0.929 | Christian | 83 (74.8) | 165 (74.3) | | Muslim | 28 (25.2) | 7 (25.7) | | Marital status | | | 0.339 | Married | 106 (95.5) | 206 (92.8) | | Others | 5 (4.5) | 16 (7.2) | | Educational status | | | 0.532 | No formal education | 14 (12.6) | 23 (10.4) | | Primary school | 46 (41.4) | 78 (35.1) | | Secondary school | 28 (25.2) | 68 (30.6) | | Above secondary | 3 (20.7) | 53 (23.9) | | Partner education status | | | 0.269 | No formal education | 10 (9) | 20 (9) | | Primary school | 37 (33.3) | 52 (23.4) | | Secondary school | 30 (27) | 67 (30.2) | | Above secondary | 34 (30.6) | 83 (37.4) | | Occupation | | | 0.104 | Employed | 31 (27.9) | 62 (27.9) | | Merchant | 10 (9) | 43 (19.4) | | Daily laborer | 12 (10.8) | 29 (13.1) | | Housewife | 58 (52.3) | 88 (39.6) | | Family size (mean; SD) | 3.0; ±1.2 | 3.2; ±1.3 | 0.061 | ≤3 | 81 (73) | 139 (62.6) | | >3 | 30 (27) | 83 (37.4) | | Family annual cash income (USD) | 889; ±964 | 2310; ±1605 | 0.032 | (mean; SD) | | | | <1300 | 29 (26.1) | 49 (22.1) | | | 35 (31.5) | 55 (24.8) | | | 27 (24.3) | 43 (19.4) | | >2700 | 20 (18) | 75 (33.8) | | Prepregnancy BMI (mean; SD) | 23; ±3.1 | 22; ±2.8 | 0.041 | <24.9 | 85 (76.6) | 190 (85.6) | | ≥25 | 26 (23.4) | 32 (14.4) | |
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BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation; USD: United States Dollar.
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