Corticosteroids for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

The characteristics of including studies.

Study	Location	Length	Age	Sex; (M/F)	Stage	Prior treatment (n)	Treatment group		Control group
							Intervention	N	Intervention	N
van Geest2008	Utrecht	12	47.3	3/12	Active, moderately severe	Untreated	GCs	6	Placebo	9
Lee2012	Korea	6	43.5	12/83	Inactive	No GCs or OR	GCs	75	Observation	59
Salvi2015	Italy	6	51.1	5/26	Active, moderate to severe	No GCs or cell depleting therapy	GCs	16	Rituximab	15
Savino2014	Italy	5	56.8	6/13	Active, moderately severe	No GCs	GCs	10	Rituximab	9
Prummel1993	Netherlands	6	46.8	9/47	Moderately severe	Untreated	GCs	28	OR	28
Prummel1989	Netherlands	3	50.5	10/26	Severe	Untreated	GCs	18	Cyclosporine	18
Stamato2006	Brazil	3	42.4	8/14	Active, moderate to severe	Untreated	GCs	11	Colchicine	11
Kahaly1996	Germany	5	47.5	9/31	Active	GCs/irradiation: 20	GCs	19	Immunoglobulin	21
Ye2016	Nanjing	6	41.1	52/106	Active, moderate to severe	Immunosuppressive or radiotherapy: 0	GCs	78	Mycophenolate mofetil	80
Kung1996	Hong Kong	3	42.1	9/9	Moderately severe	NA	GCs	10	Octreotide	8
Kahaly1986	Germany	12	46.8	5/35	NOSPECS III-V	18 GCs, 3 irradiation, 1 cyclophosphamide	GCs+ cyclosporine	20	GCs	20
Kahaly2018	Germany and Italy	9	51.4	39/125	Active, moderate to severe	Immunosuppressive treatment: 0	GCs+ mycophenolate	73	GCs	68
Chen2016	China	3	33.6	26/70	Active	NA	GCs+^99Tc-MDP	74	GCs	70
Kahaly1990	Germany	6	51.0	9/42	Active, NOSPECS II-VI	Steroids/radiation: 40	GCs+ ciamexone	26	GCs	25
Ng2005	Hong Kong	13	56.2	10/6 (1 died)	Active, moderate to severe	Untreated	GCs + OR	8	GCs	7
Pinchera1987	Italy	26	44	11/13	Active	NA	GCs + OR	12	GCs	12
Rajendram2018	UK	12	49.3	33/93	Active moderate-to-severe	Immunosuppressive or radiotherapy: 0	GCs + OR	50	GCs	54
Roy 2015	India	12	37.3	24/38	Active, moderate to severe	Untreated	iv GCs	31	oral GCs	31
Macchia2001	Italy	Treat after	43.6	11/40	NA	Untreated	iv GCs	25	oral GCs	26
Akarsu2011	Turkey	6	28.9	12/21	Active, moderately severe	NA	iv GCs	18	oral GCs	15
Aktaran2007	Turkey	3	42.7	24/28	Active, moderately severe	Untreated	iv GCs	25	oral GCs	27
Kahaly2005	Germany	3	50	21/49	Active, moderately severe	Untreated	iv GCs	35	oral GCs	35
Kauppinen-Makelin2002	Finland	3	46.3	2/31	Active, or proptosis or diplopia	NA	iv GCs + oral GCs	18	oral GCs	15
Marcocci2001	Italy	12	49	14/68	Active, severity: defined by ocular manifestations	GCs/ciclosporin/octreotide / surgery: 12	iv GCs + OR	41	oral GCs + OR	41
Alkawas2010	Egypt	6	NA	8/16	Active, proptosis	Untreated	oral GCs	12	GCs injection	12
Bartalena2012	8 EUGOGO centers	3	52.9	33/73	Active, moderate to severe	Untreated	IVMP (total 7.47g)	52	IVMP (total 4.98g)	54
He2016	China	3-3.25	41.8	14/26	CAS≥3/7 or prolonged T2RTs; Moderate to severe	Untreated	IVMP monthly (total 6.0g)	17	IVMP weekly (total 4.5g)	15
Zhu2014	China	3	46.8	34/46	Active, moderate to severe	Immunosuppressive or radiotherapy: 0	IVMP weekly	39	IVMP daily	39
Philip2013	India	3	37.5	5/16	Active, moderate to severe	NA	Dexa	11	IVMP	10

Length: the time when final values included in our analysis were measured and represented as the number of months. GCs: glucocorticoids; OR: orbital radiotherapy; IVMP: intravenous methylprednisolone; iv: intravenous; N: numbers. Dexa: dexamethasone.