Melatonin for Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Adverse Effects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Details of the studies included in the meta-analysis.

Authors [reference]	Study population	Age range (in years)	Sample size (included in analysis)	Intervention	Duration of treatment	Atypical antipsychotic used	Concomitant medications	Study design	Outcomes measured	Study results
Modabbernia et al., 2014 [19]	First-episode schizophrenia	18–65	36	Melatonin 3 mg/day versus placebo	8 weeks	Olanzapine 5–25 mg/day	Clonazepam 2 mg/day	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group	Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and symptom severity	Melatonin treatment attenuates weight gain, increase in BMI and waist circumference, and psychotic symptoms
Mostafavi et al., 2014 [17]	First-time diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder	11–17	38	Melatonin 3 mg/day versus placebo	12 weeks	Olanzapine 5–10 mg/day	Lithium carbonate 3-4 mg/day	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group	Biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and symptom severity	Melatonin reduced the rise in systolic blood pressure
Mostafavi et al., 2017 [14]	First-time diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder	11–17	38	Melatonin 3 mg/day versus placebo	12 weeks	Olanzapine 5–10 mg/day	Lithium carbonate 3-4 mg/day	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group	Anthropometric parameters	Nonsignificant attenuation of weight gain and rise in BMI
Romo-Nava et al., 2014 [18]	Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder type I initiated on treatment with SGAs for ≤3 months prior to their inclusion	18–45	44	Melatonin SR 5 mg/day versus placebo	8 weeks	SGAs (high risk, clozapine and olanzapine; medium risk, risperidone and quetiapine) variable dose	Antidepressants, hypnotics, or mood stabilizers, permitted if clinically indicated	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group	Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, blood pressure, and symptom severity	Melatonin attenuated rise in diastolic blood pressure, fat mass, and triglyceride levels in patients with bipolar disorder