Increased Autophagy Enhances the Resistance to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Human Fibroblast-Like Synovial Cell

Figure 1

LC3 has two subtypes, LC3-I and LC3-II. When autophagy was induced, the conversion from LC3-I to LC3-II was correspondingly increased. LC3-II was commonly used as a maker for autophagosomes. RA-HFLS (a) and HFLS (b) were treated with 30 ng/ml TNF-α in presence or absence of 5 mM 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 48 h. LC3 was detected by western blot, and GAPDH was used as a loading control in all experiments. Values are fold change, divided by the average value of relative optical density of LC3-II in the HFLS without any treatment (c).

(a)

(b)

(c)