|
Source of isolation | Strains identify | Activities | References |
|
Human | Gastrointestinal tract | | | |
| (i) stomach | 10 of Lb. gasseri, Lb. fermentum, Lb. vaginalis, Lb. reuteri and Lb. salivarius strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity | [23] |
| 2 of Lb. reuteri strains among 19 isolates | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity, adhesion to epithelial gastric cell line, antioxidative activity antibiotic resistance | [30] |
| (ii) intestine | Lb. rhamnosus IMC 501 and Lb. paracasei IMC 502, Lb. plantarum 319 | In vivo gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to HT-29 cells, antimicrobial activities, antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profile. In vivo survival through intestine in a 3 months human feeding trial | [31] |
| Lb. rhamnosus IMC 501 and Lb. paracasei IMC 502 | In vivo improvement of intestinal microbiota with beneficial microbes and enhances bowel habits of healthy adults. | [32] |
| Lb. helveticus BGRA43 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial and proteolytic activity | [33] |
| Lb. fermentum BGHI14 and Lb. helveticus BGRA43 | In vitro antimicrobial effect on C. difficile, immunomodulatory activity, increase proliferation of GALT lymphocytes In vivo reduction of C. perfringens in goats | [34] |
| (iii) feaces | 10 of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains | In vitro adhesion to HT-29 cells, antimicrobial and antibiotic activity, immunomodulatory properties, Short Chain Fatty Acid production | [35] |
| Lb. casei/paracasei CTC1677, Lb. casei/paracasei CTC1678 and Lb. rhamnosus CTC1679 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial and antibiotic activity, auto-aggregation In vivo survival, colonize and persist in the gastrointestinal tract in a human intervention study | [36, 37] |
| Lb. fermentum F53 and KC5b, E. gallinarum, and E. faecalis strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, assimilation of cholesterol | [38] |
| Breast milk, colostrums | E. faecalis F1 and W. confuse F8 strains among 33 isolates | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial and antibiotic activity, | [39] |
| | Lb. plantarum WLPL04 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial and antibiotic activity, antiadhesion of pathogens, protection from harmful effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and anti-inflammatory properties | [40] |
| | 9 of Lb. gasseri, Bifidobacterium breve, and S. salivarius strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial and antibiotic activity, agglutination properties | [41] |
| | B. animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) INL1 | in vivo anti-inflammatory capacities | [42] |
|
Animals | Gastrointestinal tract | | | |
| (i) calves | Lb. fermentum V3B-08, Weissella hellenica V1V-30, Lb. farciminis B4F-06 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antibiotic and antimicrobial susceptibility In vivo mice intestine colonization, immunomodulation | [43] |
| (ii) pigs | 3 of Lb. salivarius strains | In vitro antimicrobial activity | [44] |
| (iii) goats | 3 of Pediococcus pentosaceus LJR1, LJR5, and LJR9 strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antibacterial activity, adhesion to the HCT-15 cells, anti-inflammatory properties | [45] |
| (iv) fishes | 15 of Candida sp., R. mucilaginosa, Y. lipolytica, M. viticola, C. laurentii, D. hansenii, and S. cerevisiae yeast strains | In vivo reduction of mortality associated to V. anguillarum challenge in zebrafish | [46] |
| (v) bees | Lb. johnsonii CRL1647 | In vitro antibacterial activity, high auto-agregation properties In vivo stimulate of bee egg-laying and vitality | [47, 48] |
|
Fermented food | Milk and dairy products | | | |
| (i) camel’s milk | L. lactis KX881768, Lb.plantarum KX881772, L. lactis KX881782 and Lb. plantarum KX881779 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antibiotic and antimicrobial susceptibility, auto- and co-agregation properties, cholesterol removal | [49] |
| (ii) yak milk | Lb. plantarum YD5S and YD9S, Lb. pentosus YD8S, Lb. paraplantarum YD11S, E. lactis YHC20 and E. faecium YY1 | In vitro: hypocholesteromic effect, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, cell surface hydrophobicity | [50] |
| (iii) goat’s milk | Lb. plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antibiotic and antimicrobial susceptibility, adhesion properties | [51] |
| (iv) cow’s milk | Lb. helveticus KII13 and KHI1 strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adherence to Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial and cholesterol-lowering activity In vivo cholesterol-lowering activity in mice model | [52] |
| (v) whey | 16 of Lb. plantarum and Lb. fermentum strains | In vitro antibacterial activity, safety assessment | [53] |
| (vi) traditional Greek dairy products | S. thermophilus ACA-DC 26 2 of Lb. plantarum ACA-DC 2640 and ACA-DC 4039 strains, Lb. plantarum ACA-DC 2640 and S. thermophilus ACA-DC 26 and ACA-DC 170 | In vitro antibacterial activity, high adherence ability, anti-inflammatory properties | [54] |
| (vii) traditional Polish cheeses | 29 of Lb. plantarum strains | In vitro antibacterial activity | [55] |
| (viii) Tibetan kefir grain | Lb. kefiranofaciens XL10 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, auto-aggregation properties In vivo modulation of gut microbiota, adhere and colonize to intestine tissue of mice | [56] |
| (ix) Iranian Spar | Lb. brevis LSe | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antioxidant and high selenium-tolerant activity | [57] |
| Raw fermented meat products | | | |
| (i) Thai fermented pork sausage | Lb. plantarum subsp. plantarum SKI19 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to xylene and chloroform, antimicrobial activity, safety assessment | [58] |
| (ii) Harbin dry sausages | Pediococcus pentosaceus R1, Lb. brevis R4, Lb. curvatus R5, and Lb. fermentum | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, auto-aggregation, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antioxidant activity | [59] |
| (iii) raw fermented Polish meat products | 21 of Lb. plantarum, Lb. brevis, Pd. pentosaceus strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity, safety assessment | [60] |
| (iv) cooked meat products | E. faecium UAM1 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, auto- and co- aggregation, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, | [61] |
| Fishes and seafood | | | |
| (i) Hentak, a fermented fish product of North-East India | Lb. brevis LAP2 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential | [62] |
| (ii) Japanese fermented fish (funa-sushi) | heat-killed Lb. paracasei NFRI 7415 | In vivo inhibition of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis by alcohol intake with stress in mice model | [63] |
| (iii) Korean salted fermented seafood (Jeotgal) | Lb. plantarum JBCC105645 and JBCC105683 | In vitro stimulation macrophages to produce IL-12 In vivo immunostimulation, inhibition of atopic dermatitis -like skin lesions and reduction serum IgE levels in mice model | [64] |
| (iv) marine oyster | E. faecium HL7 | In vitro antimicrobial activity, resistant to environmental stressors, antibiotic sensitivity | [65] |
| Pickled vegetables | | | |
| (i) kimchi | Lactococcus lactis KC24 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial properties, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activity, | [66] |
| (ii) Polish fermented cabbage and cucumber | 14 of Lactobacillus spp. | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial properties, adhesion to xylene, safety assessment | [67] |
| (iii) cocoa fermentation | Lb. fermentum TcUESC01 and Lb. plantarum TcUESC02 | In vitro antimicrobial properties, In vivo anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activity | [68] |
| (iv) Mexican alcoholic, non-distilled, fermented beverage (Pulque) | Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain P45 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial properties, In vivo anti-infective activity against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in challenged mice | [69] |
| (v) Korean fermented soybean paste | P. acidilactici SDL 1402, SDL 1405, SDL 1406, Weissella cibaria SCCB 2306, S. thermophilus SCML 337, SCML 300 and E. faecium SC 54 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, auto- and co- aggregation ability, adhesion to xylene, safety assessment In vivo colonization ability and strongly attachment to Caenorhabditis elegans gut | [70] |
| Sourdough, cereal products | | | |
| (i) India fermented pearl millet porridge (Kambu koozh) | Lb. fermentum CFR5, CFR1, CFR4 and CFR2 and Lb. delbrueckii CFR6 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, bile salt hydrolase activity, auto-aggregation ability, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, safety assessment | [71] |
| (ii) Altamura dough | S. cerevisiae 2 and S. cerevisiae 4 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, hydrophobic ability, antimicrobial activity, safety assessment | [72] |
|
Non-fermented food | Fruits and vegetables | | | |
| (i) byproducts of fruit pulp processing | Lb. brevis 59, Lb. pentosus 129, Lb. paracasei 108, Lb. plantarum 49, and Lb. fermentum 111 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity, safety assessment | [73] |
| (ii) pineapple and pineapple peels | 50 isolates of Candida lusitaniae and Meyerozyma caribbica | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity, safety assessment | [74] |
| (iii) raw fruits and vegetables | 48 of Lactobacillus, Weissella and Pediococcus strains | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, immunomodulatory properties, antimicrobial activity | [75] |
| (iv) carrot | Enterococcus durans QU 49 | In vitro bacteriocin production | [76] |
|
Environment | Food wastes | | | |
| (i) poultry slaughterhouse waste | Lb. plantarum LPL9, Lb. ramnosus LRH25, and Lb. fermentum LFE26 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity, adhesion to hydrocarbons | [77] |
| (ii) moldy corn | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | In vitro Zearalenone removal ability, gastrointestinal conditions resistance, antimicrobial activity | [78] |
| Air in working and storage room of bakery | Strains of Lb. plantarum and Lb. sanfranciscensis | 16S rRNA gene sequencing and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis | [79] |
| Soils of North East Himalayas | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JF836079 | In vitro gastrointestinal conditions resistance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells In vivo beneficial effect on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in mice | [80] |
|