| | Author, year | Aim | Search strategy | Number of WBV bone-related trials included
(participants) | Comparison interventions | Duration of the interventions | Bone-related outcomes for which data were reported |
| | Older adults |
| | Merriman, 2009 | To assess the effectiveness of WBV on bone density, muscle performance, balance, and functional mobility | MEDLINE (1950-2007), CINAHL (1982-2007)
No language restriction
Intervention of at least 6 weeks | 5 (251) | Control, placebo device, fitness exercise (<=40 min, 3/week), resistance exercise, physical therapy, walking | 6-52 weeks | BMD (whole body, total hip, proximal femur, lumbar spine, cortical tibia)
Bone turnover markers |
| | Mikhael, 2010 | To examine the effect of WBV on muscle or bone morphology and function | Medline, SPORTDiscus, AusportMed, CINAHL, AMED, WoS, Scopus
English language
Until 2009 (most databases) | 3 (153) | Control, resistance, exercise, placebo device | 6-52 weeks | BMC (lumbar spine)
BMD (lumbar spine, tibia)
Bone turnover markers |
| | Lau, 2011 | To determine whether WBV improves BMD and leg muscle strength | MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Science Citation Index
English language
Exclusion criteria: Subjects diagnosed with a primary condition | 6 (398) | Control, active exercise | 6 weeks-18 months | BMD (total hip, lumbar spine) |
| | Pollock, 2012 | To assess studies which have investigated the outcome of repeated exposure to WBV | WoS, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library
English language
Case reports and abstracts from conference presentations excluded | 10 (719) | Control, placebo device, fitness exercise, walking, resistance training, wellness program | 6-52 weeks | BMD (whole body, total hip, proximal femur, radius, lumbar spine) |
| | Gómez-Cabello, 2012 | To assess the effects of different training programmes in bone mass | MEDLINE & CENTRAL
English and Spanish languages | 10 (740) | Control, aerobic training, strength training and multicomponent training
| 6-18 months | BMC (whole body)
BMD (lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, distal radius, tibia) |
| | Sitjá-Rabert, 2012 | To analyze the efficacy and safety of WBV training | MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PeDro, PsychInfo
English, French and Spanish languages | 5 (247) | Control, exercise group (various modalities) | 6-52 weeks | BMD (femoral neck, lumbar spine) |
| | Ma, 2016 | To evaluate the musculoskeletal effect of WBV | EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Web of Science, CNKI
No date nor language restrictions
Intervention of at least 6 months | 8 (1014) | Control, resistance training, placebo device, walking | 6-18 months | BMD (femoral neck, lumbar spine) |
| | Oliveira, 2016 | To analyze clinical trials that verified the effects of WBV on BMD in postmenopausal women | PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, PEDro
No date or language restrictions
Unpublished studies searched at clinicaltrials.gov | 17 (1833) | Control, exercise group (various modalities) | 6-18 months | BMD (lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, Ward’s area, tibia, radius) |
| | Dionello, 2016 | To review recent literature and highlight novel findings on the effect of WBV exercise on the BMD in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis without medications | PubMed, PEDro
English language | 11 (922) | Control, placebo device, wellness program, resistance training | 2-18 months | BMD (whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck)
Bone turnover markers |
| | Luo, 2016 | To conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis of WBV in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis | MEDLINE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL | 9 (625) | Control, wellness program, walking, resistance training | 12-48 weeks | BMD (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, Ward’s triangle)
Bone turnover markers |
| | Jepsen, 2017 | To address if WBV in adults over 50 years of age could affect the estimates of bone mass, architecture, and turnover biomarkers
| PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane
English language
| 12 (1618) | Control, placebo device, exercise, wellness program | 3-24 months | BMD (femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine)
Volumetric BMD (radius, tibia)
Bone turnover markers |
| | Children and adolescents with disabilities |
| | Matute, 2014 | To summarize the current literature regarding the effects of WBV on health-related fitness parameters (children and adolescents with disabilities) | MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, EMBASE
English language
Published studies only | 8 (338) | Control | 8-52 weeks | BMC (whole body, lumbar spine)
BMD (whole body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, tibia, femur)
Stress endurance parameters
Bone turnover markers |
| | Saquetto, 2018 | To verify the effects of WBV training on the muscle strength, bone mineral parameters, balance, and body composition of children and adolescents with Down’s Syndrome | MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, Cochrane
No language restriction | 1 (25) | Control | 20 weeks | BMC (whole body, lumbar spine)
BMD (whole body, lumbar spine)
Volumetric BMD, cortical thickness (radius, tibia) |
| | No population restriction |
| | Madou, 2008 | To critique the research that has used WBV with special populations (elderly, postmenopausal women, and neurological patients) | ProQuest, IngentaConnect, Meditext, MEDLINE, Proquest5000, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, WoS, Health and Medical Complete, Google Scholar
English, German, or Dutch languages (English abstract)
Published in peer-reviewed journal | 2 (99) | Control, resistance training | 6-8 months | BMD (whole body, total hip, lumbar spine) |
| | Rehn, 2008 | To systematically review controlled studies that have explored the effects of WBV on BMD in humans | PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, Pedro, Amed
Only controlled studies
English language | 8 (383) | Control, walking, placebo device, strength training | 3-52 weeks | BMD (total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, tibia) |
| | Slatkovska, 2010 | To analyze the effects of WBV on BMD | MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Dissertations, Theses Canada Portal
No language restrictions
Unpublished trials searched
| 8 (328) | Control, resistance training, placebo device, walking | 6-52 weeks | BMD (total hip, lumbar spine) |
| | Wysocki, 2011 | To provide an overview of WBV therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis | MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ACMD, CINAHL, CSA Physical Education Index, WoS, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Academic Search Premier + gray literature
2000-2011
English language
Exclusion criteria: population without low-BMD risk, subjects diagnosed with a primary condition | 9
(617) | Control, walking, resistance training, wellness program, placebo device, | 8-72 weeks | BMD (whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, radius, tibia) |
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