Using Drosophila Models of Amyloid Toxicity to Study Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Table 1

Conserved Autophagy-related genes in Drosophila, neurodegenerative phenotypes, and/or modification of AD models.

	Human gene	Drosophila gene	Neurodegenerative phenotype in Drosophila	Modification of AD model in Drosophila
Initiation	ULK1/ATG1	Atg1	Decreased lifespan and climbing defect [6]	Deficiency line with decreased Atg1 reduced lifespan of Aβ42 expressing flies [5]
	ULK2
	ATG13	Atg13
	FIP200/RB1CC1	Atg17
	ATG101	Atg101
Nucleation	BECN1	Atg6
	ATG14	Atg14
	PIK3R4/VPS15	Vps15/ird1
	PIK3C3/VPS34	Vps34/Pi3K59F
Conjugation systems	ATG3	Atg3/Aut1
Conjugation systems	ATG4A	Atg4a
	ATG4B
	ATG4C	Atg4b
	ATG4D
Conjugation systems	ATG5	Atg5	Climbing defect [7]	Decreased Atg5 reduced Aβ42 accumulation [8]
Conjugation systems	ATG7	Atg7	Decreased lifespan and climbing defect [9]
Conjugation systems	MAP1LC3A	Atg8a	Reduced lifespan [10]
	MAP1LC3B
	MAP1LC3C
	GABARAP
	GABARAPL1	Atg8b
	GABARAPL2
Conjugation systems	ATG10	Atg10
Conjugation systems	ATG12	Atg12		Decreased Atg12 reduced Aβ42 accumulation [8]
Conjugation systems	ATG16L1	Atg16	Decreased lifespan and climbing defect [11]
ATG9 trafficking system	ATG9A	Atg9
	ATG9B
ATG9 trafficking system	ATG2A	Atg2
	ATG2B
ATG9 trafficking system	WIPI1
	WIPI2	Atg18a		Deficiency line with decreased Atg18a reduced lifespan of Aβ42 expressing flies [5]
	WDR45B/
	WIPI3	Atg18b
	WDR45/WIPI4