Review Article
Using Drosophila Models of Amyloid Toxicity to Study Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Table 2
The human genes that function in APP proteolysis and their Drosophila orthologues.
| Human gene | Drosophila gene | Functions |
| Amyloid precursor protein (APP) | Appl | APP is an integral membrane protein containing an Aβ-like region that is cleaved by BACE1. | Amyloid precursor-like proteins (APLP1 and APLP2) | Sequence divergence at the internal Aβ site of APLP1 and APLP2 prevents cleavage by BACE1. The principal functions of APLP1 and APLP2 remain unknown. |
| Presenilin 1 | Presenilin | The catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase enzyme complex, also required for lysosomal acidification. | Presenilin 2 | Component of γ-secretase complex. |
| ADAM 10 | Kuzbanian | A neuronal α-secretase that cleaves APP at the plasma membrane via nonamyloidogenic processing. |
| BACE1 | Bace | β-secretase enzyme activity cleaves APP in early endosome and promotes amyloidogenic processing with Aβ production. | BACE2 | β-secretase related to BACE1 that is thought to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. |
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