The Signaling Pathways Involved in the Antiatherosclerotic Effects Produced by Chinese Herbal Medicines

Table 2

The signal pathways underlying CHMs inhibit the thrombosis.

Ingredient	Herb medicine	Object	Stimulus	Role	related pathway
1, 6-di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside	Callicarpa nudiflora Hook	Platelet	ADP, AA	αIIbβ3, 5-HT, TXA2, platelet aggregation↓	PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, RhoA
Atractylenolide	Atractylodes macrocephala	Platelet	ADP, collagen, thrombin	platelet aggregation and secretion↓	p38, PI3K/Akt
Andrographolide	Andrographis paniculata	Platelet	Collagen	platelet aggregation, Ca2+, TxB2↓	eNOS/NO/sGC/cGMP, PI3K/Akt/p38/cPLA2, PLCγ2/DAG/PKC
				platelet aggregation, Ca2+↓	eNOS/NO/sGC/cGMP, p38/ROS/IKKβ/NF-κB/ERK2
Gomisin J	Schisandra chinensis	EC	None	eNOS, NO↑	Ca2+/CaMI, PI3K/Akt
β-Elemene	Curcuma Wenyujin	EC	None	eNOS, NO↑	PI3K/Akt
Puerarin	Pueraria lobata	EC	TNF-α	eNOS, NO↑	ER/PI3K/Akt, CaMKII/AMPK
Tanshinone IIA	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	Macrophage	Ox-LDL	TF↓	ROS/NF-κB
		Platelet	None	Platelet activation↓	ERα/PI3K/Akt
		Platelet	ADP	Platelet activation↓	ERK-2
Xuezhikang	Red yeast rice	Macrophage	Ox-LDL	TF↓, SOD↑	NOX/ROS/ERK1/2/NF-κB
Gypenoside XLIX	Gynostemma pentaphyllum	Macrophage	LPS	TF↓	PPAR-α
Salvianolic acid B	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	EC	TNF-α	PAI-1↓	ERK1/2/AP-1 (NF-κB)