Sentinel Amenable Mortality: A New Way to Assess the Quality of Healthcare by Examining Causes of Premature Death for Which Highly Efficacious Medical Interventions Are Available

Table 2

Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population, by amenable cause of death and sex, United States and Spain, 2002-2004.

(a) Women

Cause of death	Age group	ICD-9	ICD-10	United States	Spain
Ischemic heart disease	35-74	410-414	I20-I25	26,96	8,20
Breast cancer	0-74	174	C50	14,36	11,97
Cerebrovascular diseases	0-74	430-438	G45, F01.1, I60-69,	10,45	7,82
Perinatal mortality		760-779	P00-P96, A33	5,61	3,40
Hypertension	0-74	401-405	I10-I15	4,34	1,12
Pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, influenza	0-74	460-466, 480-486, 487	A48.1, J00-J06 (except J02.0, J03.0), J10-J11, J12-J18 (except J18.2), J20-J22	3,42	1,45
Uterine cancer	15-74	182, 179	C54, C55	2,10	1,90
Cervical cancer	15-74	180	C53	1,81	1,41
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies	0-74	745-747	Q20-Q28, I51.0	1,27	1,33
Skin cancer (melanoma and no-melanoma)	0-74	172,173	C43, C44, C46,0, C46,9	1,13	0,79
Diabetes mellitus	0-49	250	E10-E14	0,78	0,16
Chronic rheumatic cardiovascular disease	0-74	393-398	I05-I09	0,48	1,31
Maternal mortality	All	630-676	O00-O99, A34	0,40	0,08
Asthma	5-49	493	J45-J46	0,32	0,10
Peptic ulcers	0-74	531-534	K25-K28	0,31	0,14
Hodgkin’s disease	0-74	201	C81	0,25	0,21
Cholelithiasis/cholecystitis	0-74	574-575	K80-K82	0,23	0,25
Leukemia	0-14	204-208	C91-C95	0,18	2,13
Abdominal hernia	0-74	550-553	K40-K46	0,16	0,14
Thyroid diseases	0-74	240-246	E00-E07	0,15	0,13
Pernicious anemia	0-74	280-281	D50-D53	0,11	0,02
Tuberculosis	0-74	010-018 137	A15-A19, B90	0,08	0,17
Appendix diseases	0-74	540-543	K35-K38	0,05	0,03
Immunizable diseases	0-74	032, 033, 037, 045, 055, 056, 070.0, 070,1, 070.2-070.3, 072	A35, A36, A37, A49.2, A80, B05, B06, B15, B16, B17,0, B18,0-B18,1, B26	0,01	0,07

Data sorted descendent by age-standardized mortality rates in the United States.

(b) Men

Cause of death	Age group	ICD-9	ICD-10	United States	Spain
Ischemic heart disease	35-74	410-414	I20-I25	65,79	33,12
Cerebrovascular diseases	0-74	430-438	G45, F01.1, I60-69,	13,08	14,64
Hypertension	0-74	401-405	I10-I15	7,16	1,73
Perinatal mortality		760-779	P00-P96, A33	7,06	4,32
Pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, influenza	0-74	460-466, 480-486, 487	A48.1, J00-J06 (except J02.0, J03.0), J10-J11, J12-J18 (except J18.2), J20-J22	5,05	3,67
Skin cancer (melanoma and no-melanoma)	0-74	172,173	C43, C44, C46,0, C46,9	2,57	1,33
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies	0-74	745-747	Q20-Q28, I51.0	1,57	1,73
Diabetes mellitus	0-49	250	E10-E14	1,18	0,37
Peptic ulcers	0-74	531-534	K25-K28	0,52	0,48
Hodgkin’s disease	0-74	201	C81	0,36	0,39
Asthma	5-49	493	J45-J46	0,34	0,16
Chronic rheumatic cardiovascular disease	0-74	393-398	I05-I09	0,32	0,81
Cholelithiasis/cholecystitis	0-74	574-575	K80-K82	0,30	0,42
Pernicious anaemia	0-74	280-281	D50-D53	0,29	0,03
Testicular cancer	0-74	186	C62	0,23	0,14
Leukemia	0-14	204-208	C91-C95	0,22	3,48
Tuberculosis	0-74	010-018 137	A15-A19, B90	0,18	0,58
Abdominal hernia	0-74	550-553	K40-K46	0,17	0,14
Appendix diseases	0-74	540-543	K35-K38	0,10	0,07
Thyroid diseases	0-74	240-246	E00-E07	0,08	0,03
Benign prostatic hyperplasia	0-74	600	N40	0,04	0,03
Immunizable diseases	0-74	032, 033, 037, 045, 055, 056, 070.0, 070,1, 070.2-070.3, 072	A35, A36, A37, A49.2, A80, B05, B06, B15, B16, B17,0, B18,0-B18,1, B26	0,02	0,19

Data sorted descendent by age-standardized mortality rates in the United States.