The Adaptive Complexity of Cancer

Figure 1

The reprogramming of metabolism in cancer involves positive feedback loops with metabolic outputs such as amino-acids, lactate, and ATP serving as stimuli of the signaling pathways, which are in turn driving the upstream regulators of metabolic enzymes [25–43]. PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; dNTP, deoxynucleotide; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate.