Effects of Educational Counseling as Solitary Therapy for Chronic Primary Tinnitus and Related Problems

Table 1

Pre- and postintervention sleep quality scores (N = 159).

Subjects	Evaluation relative to intervention	Difficulty falling asleep, median (IQR)	Frequency of waking after sleep onset, median (IQR)	No. of times waking after sleep onset, median (IQR)	Difficulty returning to sleep after waking at midnight, median (IQR)	Daytime sleepiness, median (IQR)	Total,; mean ± SD
All	Pre	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,1)	7.12 ± 3.07
	Post	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (0,2)	1 (0,1)	6.31 ± 2.75
	Z	-2.341	-0.024	-1.688	-3.068	-4.093	-3.545
	p	0.019	0.981	0.091	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
A	Pre	2 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	2 (1,2)	2 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	7.39 ± 3.06
	Post	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (0,2)	1 (1,1)	6.38 ± 2.79
	Z	-2.17	-0.39	-1.59	-2.87	-4.024	-3.525
	p	0.030	0.692	0.113	0.004	<0.001	<0.001
NA	Pre	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1 (1,1)	6.41 ± 3.03
	Post	1 (1,2)	1 (1,2)	1(1,2)	1 (0,2)	1 (0,1)	6.11 ± 2.68
	Z	-0.938	-0.593	-0.632	-1.143	-1.091	-0.897
	p	0.348	0.553	0.527	0.253	0.275	0.370

A, with sleep adjustment; NA, without adjustment.