Intentional Undercorrection by Implantation of Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens With A Central Hole (Hole ICL) For Early Presbyopia

Table 1

Preoperative demographics of the study population undergoing hole implantable collamer lens (hole ICL) implantation.

Characteristic	Mean ± standard deviation
Age (years)	45.0 ± 3.8 years (range, 40 to 53 years)
Gender (male  : female)	10  : 11
Manifest spherical equivalent (D)	-7.37 ± 3.18 D (range, -2.25 to -14.75 D)
Manifest cylinder (D)	1.15 ± 1.36 D (range, 0.00 to 6.00 D)
LogMAR UDVA	1.30 ± 0.24 (range, 1.00 to 1.70)
LogMAR CDVA	-0.17 ± 0.07 (range, -0.30 to 0.00)
White-to-white distance (mm)	11.6 ± 0.4 mm (range, 11.0 to 12.3 mm)
Anterior chamber depth (mm)	3.04 ± 0.22 mm (range, 2.80 to 3.55 mm)

D=diopter, logMAR=logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution,
UDVA=uncorrected distance visual acuity, and CDVA=corrected distance visual acuity.