Membranous Nephropathy and Anti-Podocytes Antibodies: Implications for the Diagnostic Workup and Disease Management

Figure 2

Proposed mechanisms of experimental membranous nephropathy in rats (indirect alloimmunization) and human primary membranous nephropathies.

(a) Experimental membranous nephropathy Heymann nephritis

(b) Fetomaternal alloimmunization with antenatal glomerulopathies (FMAIG)

(c) Primary membranous nephropathy

(d) Primary membranous nephropathy