The Role of the Immune Response in the Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis

Table 1

Important predisposing causes for bronchiectasis.

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Postinfective

 Childhood infection: pneumonia, measles, whooping cough

 Tuberculosis

 Viral infection: HIV, HTLV-1

Immune deficiency

 Humoral immunity: CVID, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

 ?IgG subclass

 Transporter associated with antigen processing deficiency

 Mannose binding lectin deficiency

 Hyper-IgE syndrome

 Chronic granulomatous disease

 Malignancy

Mucociliary function

 Ciliary dyskinesia

Systemic inflammatory disease

 Rheumatoid arthritis

 Other arthritic disorders

 Inflammatory bowel disease

Airway obstruction

 Foreign body

 Airway tumor

Gastroesophageal reflux/aspiration

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Other factors

 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

 Extremes of age

 Economic/social disadvantage

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HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. HTLV-1: human T-lymphotropic virus 1. CVID: common variable immune deficiency.