A Decision for Predicting Successful Extubation of Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Table 1
The literature review of successful extubation predictors.
Extubation predictors
Description
Sources
Tidal volume
Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied.
Epstein, 1995 [17] Newth et al., 2009 [18] Nemer et al., 2009 [19] Adigüzel et al., 2009 [20]
Respiratory rate (RR)
The respiratory rate (RR) is also known as the respiration rate, ventilation rate, ventilatory rate, ventilation frequency , respiration frequency , pulmonary ventilation rate, or breathing frequency.
Yang and Tobin, 1991 [21] Sassoon and Mahutte, 1993 [22] Epstein, 1995 [17]
Minute ventilation (MV)
The total lung ventilation per minute is the product of tidal volume and respiration rate. It is measured by expired gas collection for a period of 1 to 3 minutes. The normal rate is 5 to 10 liters per minute.
The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is a tool that is used in the weaning of MV in intensive care units. The RSBI is defined as the ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume .
Tanios et al., 2006 [23] Chang et al., 2007 [24] Rodriguez and Varon, 2008 [25] Nemer et al., 2009 [19] Newth et al., 2009 [18] Fadaii et al., 2012 [26]
Maximal inspiratory pressure (PiMax or MIP)
Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) is a measure of the strength of respiratory muscles, obtained by making the patient inhale as strongly as possible with the mouth against a mouthpiece; the maximum value is near the residual volume.
A measure of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood.
Mokhlesi et al., 2007 [9] Nemer et al., 2009 [19] de Souza et al., 2013 [28]
Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)
When measuring arterial blood gases, we sometimes use the term partial pressure of oxygen or PaO2. Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of other gases. PaO2, put simply, is a measurement of oxygen in arterial blood. The normal range for PaO2 is 75–100 mm Hg. If a patient’s PaO2 is less than this, it means that he/she is not getting enough oxygen.
The timed inspiratory effort (TIE) index was developed based on the premise that patients with poor neuromuscular efficiency need more time to develop a maximal effort during the occlusion maneuver.
