Effects of a Psychoeducational Program on Hemoglobin A1c Level and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Table 1
Comparison of hemoglobin A1c level and quality of life scales before and after the intervention.
Variable
Before the intervention
5 months after the intervention
P value
HbA1c (mean ± SD)
9.8 ± 1.35
7.7 ± 1.03
<0.001
HRQoL scales (mean ± SD)
Physical functioning
46.62 ± 19.68
47.22 ± 20.29
0.434
Role limitations due to physical health
47.42 ± 22.96
48.54 ± 23.13
0.103
Role limitations due to emotional problems
59.21 ± 24.62
62.77 ± 23.69
0.003
Energy/fatigue
44.14 ± 14. 85
46.97 ± 13.81
0.002
Emotional well-being
44.65 ± 13.31
49.05 ± 15.39
<0.001
Social functioning
57.58 ± 18.02
58.07 ± 17.90
0.414
Pain
49.47 ± 24.26
49.91 ± 24.85
0.500
General health
50.23 ± 24.14
55.51 ± 24.46
<0.001
Paired -tests were used in comparing means; is significant (two-tailed).
