Research Article
Difference between the Upper and the Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Taking Nonvitamin K Oral Anticoagulants
Table 1
Background characteristics of the patients.
| | Clinical factor | Number of patients |
| | Biographic data | | | Age | 72.2 ± 10.0 years | | Sex (male) | 448 (68.1%) | | Weight | 63.0 ± 13.9 kg | | Serum creatinine | 0.95 ± 0.31 mg/dl | | CHADS2 score | 2.5 ± 1.2 | | HAS-BLED score | 2.1 ± 0.9 | | NOAC | | | Dabigatran | 220 (33.4%) | | Rivaroxaban | 283 (43.0%) | | Apixaban | 155 (22.8%) | | Past history | | | GIB | 7 (1.1%) | | Digestive ulcer | 25 (3.8%) | | Cerebral infarction | 92 (14.0%) | | Coexistent disease | | | Hypertension | 553 (84.0%) | | Diabetes mellitus | 167 (25.4%) | | Dyslipidemia | 295 (44.8%) | | Chronic heart failure | 403 (61.2%) | | Malignant diseases | 64 (9.7%) | | Concomitant agent | | | Low dose aspirin | 127 (19.3%) | | Thienopyridine | 68 (10.3%) | | Dual antiplatelet | 28 (4.3%) | | NSAIDs | 13 (2.0%) | | Steroids | 30 (4.6%) | | Diuretics | 165 (25.1%) | | BP | 16 (2.4%) | | PPI | 313 (47.6%) | | H2RA | 39 (5.9%) | | MP | 46 (7.0%) |
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NOAC: nonvitamin K oral anticoagulant, GIB: gastrointestinal bleeding, NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, BP: bisphosphonate, PPI: proton pump inhibitor, H2RA: histamine 2 receptor antagonist, and MP: mucoprotective agent.
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