The Microbiome and Preterm Birth: A Change in Paradigm with Profound Implications for Pathophysiologic Concepts and Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Figure 2

Impact of gut microbiota on the acute and long-term morbidities in the preterm infant: The gut microbiota exerts a central influence on human health. In the preterm infant, their impact on NEC and nosocomial infection is well recognized. First studies hint to an important impact on somatic growth, psychomotor development, autonomic regulation, and hormonal balance. In contrast, the contribution to the other acute and long-term sequelae remains to be determined.