Research Article
Antidepressant-Like and Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract from the Root Bark of Hibiscus syriacus L.
Figure 5
Effects of HSR on cell viability, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial superoxide generation in SK-N-SH cells. Cells were pretreated with 0, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL HSF for 1 h before the addition of 0.25 mM corticosterone. (a) Cell viability. (b) ATP levels. (c) Apoptotic caspase-3/7 activity. (d) The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured using JC-1 fluorescence. (e) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by H2DCFDA staining. (f) Mitochondrial superoxide production was measured by confocal microscopy (60 × 1.0). Data are expressed as a percentage of control. Data are the mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001 vs. the normal group; p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001 vs. the control group.
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