Development of a Rat Model of Sick Sinus Syndrome Using Pinpoint Press Permeation

Figure 1

Establishing a rat SSS model. (I) Endotracheal intubation. Intubation is evidenced by the use of a pediatric indwelling needle (red arrow), and wound closure with thread suture is shown (red arrow). (II) Incision. A diagonal incision along the second intercostal gap in the right edge of the sternum (red arrow) and a blunt separation along the second intercostal gap into the chest are shown. (III) Exposure of thoracic cave. A gap was made between the second and the third rib using a blepharostat, exposing the right lung tissue (IIIa) on which to place a sterile cotton ball (IIIb). (IV) Exposure of the SAN region. The vascular coat was cut open and the SAN region was exposed at the junction between superior vena cava and right atrium. Sterile cotton balls were used to cover the right lung and the thymus. A: superior vena cava; B: right auricle; C: SAN region; D: vascular coat; E: right lung under the sterile cotton balls; F: thymus under the sterile cotton balls.