Plants and Their Bioactive Constituents in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Regeneration: A Novel Prospective

Figure 2

Schematic diagram for the activation of BMPs, Wnt, and MAPK pathways by phytochemicals treatment. Multiple signaling pathways regulate human mesenchymal stem cells osteoblastic differentiation, mainly including BMPs, Wnt, and MAPK. Some plant-derived bioactives could activate certain signaling pathway. Through the coordination of other pathways, then downstream molecules translocate into the nuclei where there is interaction with transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osx via which they regulate bone-related genes expression and play different roles at different stages of osteogenesis.