Plants and Their Bioactive Constituents in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Regeneration: A Novel Prospective

Table 1

Plant derivatives work as growth factors for application in tissue engineering.

References	Plant-derived substances	Delivery system	Study design	Cell line/Animal model	Conclusion
[9]	Cissus quadrangularis and Butea monosperma	sulphonated poly aryl ether ketone (SPAEK) sponges	in vitro	SaO2 (Human Osteosarcoma cells)	The system exhibited good biocompatibility towards the cells, and the sponges successfully delivered the phytochemicals, which can work as growth factors.
[10]	M. tenuiflora cortex	chitosan	in vitro	rat primary osteoblasts cavaria cells	The combining the chitosan and M. tenuiflora cortex in scaffolds has potential for bone tissue regeneration. The M. tenuiflora cortex promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts cells.
[11]	Safflower seed extracts	collagen	in vivo	beagle dogs	Safflower seed extracts may contribute to bone formation and appears to have potential for stimulating periodontal regeneration including new cementum.
[12]	Safflower seed extracts	polylactide glycolic acid non-woven membrane	in vivo	beagle dogs	Surgical application of PLGA non-woven membrane with or without safflower seed extracts could promote the regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum in intrabony periodontal defects.
[13]	Icariin	chitosan/nano-sized hydroxyapatite (IC-CS/HA)	in vitro/in vivo	hBMSCs/New Zealand rabbits	Icariin-CS/HA is believed to be an optical bone repair scaffold for tissue engineering.
[14]	Cissus quadrangularis	bovine-derived hydroxyapatite	in vivo	humans	The potential of the system still remains to be researched.