| | Material | Description | Application in SCI | Application in brain injury |
| | Agarose | Hydrogel | Functional recovery, tissue repair, delivering neurotrophic factor, stem cell therapy [166] | | | Biodegradable scaffold | Functional recovery, tissue repair, delivering neurotrophic factor, axonal regeneration [167] | |
| | Alginate | Hydrogel | Functional recovery, tissue repair, delivering neurotrophic factor [69, 168] | Axonal regeneration [169] | | Biodegradable scaffold | Functional recovery, tissue repair, stem cell therapy [170] | |
| | Cellulose | Hydrogel | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, delivering neurotrophic factor. | Tissue repair, stem cell therapy, anti-inflammation [171] |
| | Chitosan | Hydrogel | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, anti-inflammation, stem cell therapy [172] | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, delivering neurotrophic factor and drug [173, 174] | | Biodegradable scaffold | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, anti-inflammation, delivering neurotrophic factor, stem cell therapy [175, 176] | Tissue repair, anti-inflammation, stem cell therapy [177] |
| | Collagen | Hydrogel | Axonal regeneration, tissue repair, delivering neurotrophic factor, stem cell therapy [178] | Cell survival, axonal regeneration, stem cell therapy [179] | | Biodegradable scaffold | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, tissue repair, stem cell therapy [180–182] | Function recovery, tissue repair, stem cell therapy [183–185] |
| | Fibrin | Hydrogel | Cell survival, axonal regeneration [186, 187] | Function recovery, cell survival, anti-inflammation, stem cell therapy [156, 188] | | Biodegradable scaffold | Cell survival and proliferation, tissue repair, anti-inflammation, stem cell therapy [189, 190] | Tissue repair, stem cell therapy [191]. |
| | Gelatin | Hydrogel | Cell survival, function recovery, axonal regeneration, tissue repair [192] | Cell survival and proliferation, stem cell therapy [193, 194] | | Biodegradable scaffold | Functional recovery, tissue repair, delivering neurotrophic factor, stem cell therapy [195, 196] | Tissue repair, anti-inflammation, stem cell therapy [197, 198] |
| | Hyaluronic acid | Hydrogel | Function recovery, axonal regeneration, tissue repair, anti-inflammation, delivering neurotrophic factor, stem cell therapy [62, 199, 200] | Cell survival, axonal regeneration, stem cell therapy [201] |
| | Xyloglucan | Hydrogel | Axonal regeneration, tissue repair, stem cell therapy [202] | Axonal regeneration, tissue repair, stem cell survival [203] |
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