Maternal Overnutrition Programs Central Inflammation and Addiction-Like Behavior in Offspring

Figure 2

Synaptic modulation by cytokine levels. (a) According to Bettie and cols. in 2002 and Stellwagen and cols. in 2006 results TNF-α was demonstrated to promote normal expression of AMPARs favoring synaptic strength at excitatory synapses. (b) In contrast, high levels of TNF-α can affect synaptic plasticity by removing of Ca2+-permeable AMPARs from plasma membrane according to Lewitus et al., 2014 (b). (c) Physiological levels of IL-1β and IL-6 are detrimental to maintain and modulate hippocampus activity [3, 4]. (d) Excess of IL-1β and IL-6 affect LTP and impair memory formation [3, 5].

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