|
| lncRNA | Full name | Mechanism | Function | References |
|
| HULC | Highly upregulated in liver cancer | Downregulating miR-372 and miR-186; downregulating p18, SPHK1, and ZEB1; activating USP22/COX-2 axis and USP22/Sirt1 axis; upregulating HMGA2 | Proliferation(+), EMT(+), angiogenesis(+), metastasis(+), autophagy(+), chemoresistance(+) | [13, 14, 18–21, 85, 86] |
|
| HOTAIR | HOX transcript antisense RNA | Downregulating RBM38, miR-1, miRNA-218, SETD2, SUZ12, and ZNF198; activating P14, P16, GLUT1, MMP9, VEGF, ATG3, and ATG7 | Proliferation(+), migration(+), invasion(+), glucose metabolism(+), autophagy(+) | [25–30, 33, 38, 39, 87] |
|
| MALAT1 | Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 | HIF-2α-MALAT1-miR-216b axis; MALAT1/miR-143-3p/ZEB1 axis; MALAT1-miR-195-EGFR axis; HBx-MALAT1/LTBP3 axis; upregulating HIF-1α, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, SRSF1, and mTOR pathway | Proliferation(+), migration(+), invasion(+), chemoresistance(+), autophagy(+), metastasis(+) | [42, 44–51] |
|
| HOTTIP | HOXA transcript at the distal tip | miR-125b/HOTTIP axis; miR-192/-204-HOTTIP axis | Metastasis(+), proliferation(+) | [52–54] |
|
| MVIH | Microvascular invasion in HCC | Downregulating miR-199a | Angiogenesis(+) | [55, 56] |
|
| PVT1 | Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 | PVT1/NOP2 axis;
PVT1/EZH2/miR-214 axis | Proliferation(+),
cancer cell stemness(+) | [58–61] |
|
| UCA1 | Urothelial carcinoma associated-1 | UCA1/miR-203/Snail2 axis; HBx-UCA1/EZH2-p27Kip1 axis;
UCA1-miR-216b-FGFR1-ERK axis | Proliferation(+), invasion(+), EMT(+) | [88–91] |
|
| ATB | Activated by TGF-β | ATB/miR-200/ZEB1-ZEB2 axis | EMT(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+) | [92–94] |
|
| Linc-ROR | LincRNA regulator of reprogramming | Downregulating miR-145–HIF-1α | Chemoresistance(+), EMT(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+) | [95–97] |
|
| VLDLR | Very low density lipoprotein receptor | Downregulating ABCG2 | Chemoresistance(+) | [98] |
|
| CCAT1 | Colon cancer associated transcript 1 | Downregulating let-7 | Proliferation(+), migration(+), invasion(+) | [99] |
|
| Linc00974 | Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 974 | Upregulating KRT19, Notch, and TGF-β signaling | Proliferation(+), metastasis(+) | [100] |
|
| HNF1A-AS1 | HNF1A antisense RNA 1 | HNF1A-AS1-miR-30b axis;
downregulating NKD1 and p21 | Apoptosis(−), autophagy(+), proliferation(+) | [101, 102] |
|
| HEIH | Highly expressed in HCC | Upregulating EZH2 | Proliferation(+), invasion(+) | [85, 103] |
|
| HBx-LINE1 | Fusion of the human cellular long interspersed nuclear elements and HBx | Downregulating miR-122;
upregulating Wnt signaling | EMT(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+) | [104, 105] |
|
| LncTCF7 (WSPAR) | WNT signaling pathway activating noncoding RNA | Upregulating Wnt signaling | EMT(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+), cancer stem cell self-renewal(+) | [106] |
|
| DANCR | Differentiation antagonizing non-protein-coding RNA | Downregulating CTNNB1 | Cancer cell stemness(+) | [107, 108] |
|
| BANCR | BRAF-regulated lncRNA 1 | Activating MEK | Invasion(+), metastasis(+) | [109] |
|
| ZEB1-AS1 | ZEB1 antisense RNA 1 | Upregulating ZEB1 | EMT(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+), proliferation(+) | [110] |
|
| DBH-AS1 | DBH antisense RNA 1 | Activating MAPK signaling;
upregulation of CDK6, CCND1, and CCNE1; downregulating p16, p21, and p27 | Proliferation(+) | [111] |
|
| TUC338 | Transcribed ncRNA encoding uc.338 | TUC338/RASAL1 axis | Proliferation(+); chemoresistance(−) | [112] |
|
| TUG1 | Taurine upregulated 1 | TUG1-miR132-Hedgehog axis; TUG1/miR-455-3p/AMPKβ2 axis | Proliferation(+), apoptosis(−), metastasis(+) | [113, 114] |
|
| ANRIL (CDKN2B-AS1) | CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 | Downregulating miR-122-5p | Proliferation(+), apoptosis(−), metastasis(+) | [115, 116] |
|
| URHC | Upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma | Downregulating ZAK;
suppressing ERK/MAPK pathway | Proliferation(+), apoptosis(−) | [117] |
|
| AFAP1-AS1 | AFAP antisense RNA 1 | Upregulation of RhoA/Rac2 signaling | Proliferation(+), invasion(+) | [118] |
|
| PCNA-AS1 | PCNA antisense RNA 1 | Stabilizing PCNA | Proliferation(+) | [119] |
|
| CCAT2 | Colon cancer associated transcript 2 | Upregulating FOXM1 expression; | Proliferation(+), apoptosis(−), EMT(+) | [120–122] |
|
| SNHG1 | Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 | Downregulating miR-195 | Proliferation(+), invasion(+), migration(+), apoptosis(+) | [123, 124] |
|
| HCAL | HCC-associated lncRNA | HCAL-miR-15a/miR-196a/miR-196b-LAPTM4B network | Proliferation(+), metastasis(+) | [125] |
|
| MUF | MSC-upregulated factor | Activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling | EMT(+) | [126] |
|
| HOXD-AS1 | HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1 | Upregulating SOX4, EZH2, and MMP2; HOXD-AS1/miR19a/ARHGAP11A axis | Migration(+), invasion(+), apoptosis(−) | [127, 128] |
|
| AWPPH | None | Activating PIK3CA | Proliferation(+), migration(+) | [129] |
|
| SNHG12 | Small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 | SNHG12/miR-199a/b-5p/MLK3 axis | Proliferation(+), invasion(+), metastasis(+), apoptosis(−) | [130] |
|
| lncBRM | lncRNA for association with Brahma | Activating YAP1 signaling | Cancer stem cell self-renewal(+) | [131] |
|
| Unigene56159 | None | Unigene56159/miR-140-5p/Slug axis | EMT(+), migration(+), invasion(+) | [132] |
|
| SNHG6-003 | None | Sponge for miR-26a/b | Proliferation(+), chemoresistance(+) | [133] |
|
| lnc-β-Catm | None | Activating Wnt-β-catenin signaling | Proliferation(+), cancer stem cell self-renewal(+) | [134] |
|
