Mandibular Flexure and Peri-Implant Bone Stress Distribution on an Implant-Supported Fixed Full-Arch Mandibular Prosthesis: 3D Finite Element Analysis

Table 2

Number and magnitudes of muscle loads used in the finite element analysis model during opening (27 mm) and protrusion mandibular movements. The , , and coordinates represent the muscle loads in Newton in each direction. All coordinates are referenced to a global Cartesian coordinate system (- = frontal plane, - = horizontal plane, and - = anteroposterior plane).

Muscles	Group cross section (cm^2)	Muscle weighting factor (N)	27 mm opening						Protrusion
			Right			Left			Right			Left
			Superior masseter	2.38	190.4	−64.736	274.18	131.176	−64.736	274.176	131.376	−97.104	407.456	194.208	−97.104	407.456	194.208
Deep masseter	1.02	81.6	−12.24	17.136	−8.16	−12.24	17.136	−8.16	−15.504	20.4	−9.792	−15.504	20.4	−11.424
Medial pterygoid	1.9	174.8	120.612	195.78	92.644	115.368	187.036	87.4	311.144	505.92	239.476	297.16	484.196	227.24
Anterior temporalis	2.4	158.0	−744.18	492.96	1.58	−744.18	492.96	1.58	−1273.5	837.4	37.92	−1273.48	837.4	37.92
Medial temporalis	1.1	95.6	−23.9	86.996	−52.58	−28.68	104.204	−62.14	−4.78	16.252	−9.56	−7.648	26.768	−16.252
Posterior temporalis	0.7	75.6	−21.168	47.628	85.428	−21.168	47.628	85.428	−3.78	9.072	15.876	−3.024	6.804	10.584
Inferior lateral pterygoid	1.1	66.9	421.47	−117.1	508.44	421.47	−117.075	508.44	418.125	−115.74	502.419	418.125	−115.74	502.419
Superior lateral pterygoid	1.0	28.7	122.262	11.767	103.607	119.105	11.48	101.024	133.168	12.915	112.791	133.168	12.915	112.791