Review Article

Pharmacological Management of Diabetic Macular Edema in Real-Life Observational Studies

Table 2

Summary of anti-VEGF and DEX-implant studies (VA: Visual Acuity, CSMT: central subfield macular thickness, ND: nondeclared, IVI: intravitreal injection, IOP: intraocular pressure).

StudyDrugsStudy designPatient statusNumber (eyes)Follow-up (months)Mean Number IVIBaseline VA (letters)Final VA (letters)Mean VA gain (letters)IOPCataract progression/extractionOthers complications

Blinder KJ et al. [14]Anti-VEGFRetrospectiveMixed1563614.259.064.55.57.7% IOP ≥ 25 mmHg, 1.3% IOP ≥35 mmHg, rise of IOP ≥10 mmHg in 5.1%15.4%No endophthalmitis
Matsuda S et al. [15]Anti-VEGFRetrospectiveNaïve124125.857.5646.5NDNDND
Shah CP et al. [16]Anti-VEGFProspectiveNon-Naïve3029.217.063.5673.5NDNDND
Shimizu N et al. [17]Anti-VEGFRetrospectiveMixed4662.765.5704.5NDNDND
Wecker T, et al. [18]Anti-VEGFRetrospectiveND4791217.060.559.2-1.3NDNDND
Yiu G et al. [19]Anti-VEGFRetrospectiveNaïve3362.760643.85NDNDND
Barhamy B et al. [20]AfliberceptProspectiveNon-Naïve4365.067.8713.20% (IOP ≥ 25mmHg or a rise of IOP ≥ 10mmHg)0%None
Herbaut A. et al. [21]AfliberceptRetrospectiveNon-Naïve2963.057.165.18NDNDND
Kaiho T et al. [22]AfliberceptNDNon-Naïve51123.865.5704.5NDNDND
Klein et al. [23]AfliberceptRetrospectiveNon-Naïve1164.754.862.37.5NDNDND
Aksoy S et al. [24]BevacizumabProspectiveNaïve2066.051.055.54.510% (IOP > 21mmHg)2.50%None
Fong DS et al. [25]BevacizumabRetrospectiveMixed (65% Naïve, 30% Laser, 4% Steroïd)309243.15762.35.3NDNDND
Güler E et al. [26]BevacizumabProspectiveND2096.038424ND0%None
Hanhart J et al. [27]BevacizumabRetrospectiveNaïve3583.660.5643.5NDNDND
Koc C et al. [28]BevacizumabRetrospectiveNaïve90244.945.248.73.5ND13.7%1 cerebrovascular accident
Kook D et al. [29]BevacizumabProspectiveNon-Naïve126122.740.345.45.1NDNDND
Riazi-Esfahani M et al. [30]BevacizumabNDNaïve46667.572.556.5% (IOP ≥ 21 mmHg)0ND
Fechter BS et al. [31]BevacizumabNDNon-Naïve30129.363.570.356.9NDNDNone
Yuksel E et al. [32]BevacizumabRetrospectiveNon-Naïve719.82.04145.54.5NDNDND
Solaiman KAM et al. [33]BevacizumabProspectiveND22143.356.364.38ND9.1%Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Cheema HR et al. [34]Bevacizumab (Diffuse)RetrospectiveND2861.344.0451NDNDND
Cheema HR et al. [34]Bevacizumab (Focal)ProspectiveND2062.169.073.54.5NDNDND
Cheema HR et al. [34]Bevacizumab (NSD)RetrospectiveND1362.638.545.57NDNDND
Mushtaq B et al. [35]Bevacizumab CSMT<400NDND81123.35662.56NDNDND
Mushtaq B et al. [35]Bevacizumab CSMT>400NDND94124.051.557.56NDNDND
Crosson JN et al. [36]BevacizumabRetrospectiveND102605.550555NDNDND
Solaiman et al. [33]BevacizumabProspectiveND22142.454.559.14.6ND9.1%ND
Chatziralli I et al. [37]RanibizumabRetrospectiveNaïve332126.756.464.48NDNDND
Ciulla TA et al. [38]RanibizumabRetrospectiveNon-Naïve33126.059.0634NDNDND
Egan C, et al. [39]RanibizumabRetrospectiveMixed (49,6% Naïve)3103245.451.152.51.4NDND1 endophthalmitis
Granstrom T et al. [40]RanibizumabRetrospectiveND59125.06570.25.2NDNDND
Hadzibegovic DH et al. [41]RanibizumabRetrospectiveMixed (97% Naïve)5664813.564.867.12.3ND9.9%1 traumatic cataract
Katz G et al. [42]RanibizumabNDNon-Naïve40168.46566.51.5ND0None
Koc C et al. [28]RanibizumabRetrospectiveNaïve101246.949.854.85ND7.1%None
Koyanagi Y et al. [43]RanibizumabRetrospectiveNon-Naïve25127.46068.58.5ND0None
Mori Y et al. [44]RanibizumabRetrospectiveNon-Naïve68126.47277.55.5NDNDND
Wilke RGH et al. [45]RanibizumabRetrospectiveND3353610.05963.84.8NDNDND
Akincioglu D et al. [46]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve57121.35158728% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)21.5%ND
Alshahrani ST et al. [47]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve2661.05259726% IOP > 21mmHg1.8%ND
Bansal P et al. [48]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed6761.044561212% (IOP > 21 mmHg)4.5%Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Chatziral.li I et al. [49]DEX ImplantProspectiveNon-Naïve54122.1525.25.6% (IOP > 20mmHg)4.3%ND
Chhablani J et al. [50]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve647.671.352.5618.57.6% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)2.5%ND
Chhablani J et al. [50]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNaïve15111.3566377.6% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)2.5%ND
Cicinelli MV et al. [51]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve45121.964.2705.818.4% (IOP ≥ 20 mmHg)20%ND
Degoumois A et al. [52]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve4220.61.65561.46.48% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 2 % (IOP> 30 mmHg)4.8%ND
Dutra Medeiros M et al. [53]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve5861.0526311No anecdotal IOP elevationNDNone
Escobar-Barranco JJ et al. [54]DEX ImplantProspectiveNon-Naïve4061.951.359.48.17.9% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)2.6%3.9% Intravitreal haemorrhage
Escobar-Barranco JJ et al. [54]DEX ImplantProspectiveNaïve3661.959.673.614.17.9% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)2.6%3.9% Intravitreal haemorrhage
Esen E et al. [55]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve2561.036.546.51016% (IOP > 21 mmHg)4%None
Güler E et al. [56]DEX ImplantProspectiveNon-Naïve15649621320%0None
Iglicki et al. [57]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve59243.154.5638.57.1%NDND
Iglicki et al. [57]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNaïve71243.955.566.811.311.4%NDND
Kaldirim H et al. [58]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve3561.05869.511.511.4%0%ND
Lozano Lopez V et al. [59]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveND36610.929.5% (IOP > 23 mmHg) 1.1% filtering surgeryNDNone
Mastropasqua R et al. [60]DEX ImplantProspectiveNaïve2761.768.579.5110%0%ND
Matonti F et al. [61]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed23122.149.66010.411.7% (IOP> 25 mmHg)0%26% Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Moon BG et al. [62]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed1866>15560.55.54.3% (IOP > 30mmHg)23.2%1 Infectious endophthalmitis
Guigou S et al. [63]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNaïve1661.251.171.320.211.7% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 13.3% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)0%26% Subconjunctival haemorrhage, 8.6% Intravitreal haemorrhage
Guigou S et al. [63]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed (20,5% De Naïve)7861.253.961.92811.7% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 13.3% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)0%27% Subconjunctival haemorrhage, 2.6% Intravitreal haemorrhage
Aknin I et al. [64]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed29181.551.768.216.56.9% (IOP > 25 mmHg)13.8%None
Pacella E et al [65]DEX ImplantNDNon-Naïve2061.018.828.159.45.8% (IOP >26 mmHg)0%None
Pareja-Rios et al. [66]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNaïve113121.443.553.29.74% (rise of IOP > 10mmHg)NDNone
Pareja-Rios et al. [66]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNaïve11121.456.565.38.84% (rise of IOP > 10mmHg)NDND
Bellocq D et al. [67]DEX ImplantProspectiveMixed (73% Naïve)3761.558.768.710.114% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 3% (IOP > 35mmHg) 8% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)NDSubconjunctival haemorrhage
Fine et al. [13]DEX ImplantProspectiveNon-Naïve101122.057.265.98.712.2% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 2.8% (IOP > 35mmHg) 12.8% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)NDVitreous floaters (4.3%)
Mal.clès A et al. [68]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed (27% Naïve)128363.650.560.69.510.2% (IOP > 25 mmHg), 2.3% (IOP > 35mmHg) 19% (rise of IOP > 10 mmHg)NDND
Sacconi R et al. [69]DEX ImplantProspectiveMixed14121.772.5807.521% (IOP > 21 mmHg)0%ND
Scaramuzzi M et al. [69]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveMixed (7% Naïve)15122.051.5608.520%8.3%ND
Totan Y et al. [70]DEX ImplantProspectiveNon-Naïve306>15764.57.5 13.3% (IOP > 21 mmHg)0%ND
Unsal. E et al. [71]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve4661.14157.516.517.4% (IOP > 25 mmHg)8.7%12% Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Yucel OE et al. [72]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve30BVA (letters)1.05157616.7% (IOP > 23 mmHg)13%None
Zhioua I et al. [73]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve1391.129.6355.415.4% (IOP > 21 mmHg)7.9%None
Yorgun MA et al. [75]DEX ImplantRetrospectiveNon-Naïve4161.042.550.5812% (IOP> 21 mmHg)0%None